Anti-hyperglycemic Flashcards
What are oral anti-hyperglycemic agents?
Medications used to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
True or False: Oral anti-hyperglycemic agents are used for type 1 diabetes.
False
Name one class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents.
Sulfonylureas
What is the primary mechanism of action for biguanides?
To decrease hepatic glucose production and improve insulin sensitivity.
Fill in the blank: Metformin is a type of __________.
biguanide
Which oral anti-hyperglycemic agent stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas?
Sulfonylureas
What are DPP-4 inhibitors known for?
They inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, which increases incretin levels.
True or False: Thiazolidinediones increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
True
What is the brand name of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin?
Januvia
Name a side effect associated with sulfonylureas.
Hypoglycemia
Fill in the blank: __________ are medications that delay carbohydrate absorption in the intestines.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
What is the primary benefit of using GLP-1 receptor agonists?
They promote weight loss and improve glycemic control.
Which oral anti-hyperglycemic agent is a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor?
Canagliflozin
What is the mechanism of action for SGLT2 inhibitors?
They reduce glucose reabsorption in the kidneys.
True or False: All oral anti-hyperglycemic agents are taken once a day.
False
What is the starting dose of Metformin usually prescribed?
500 mg
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common side effect of Metformin.
Gastrointestinal upset
Which class of drugs is known to cause weight gain?
Sulfonylureas
What is the target HbA1c level for most adults with diabetes?
Less than 7%
True or False: Thiazolidinediones can increase the risk of heart failure.
True
What is the role of insulin sensitizers?
To enhance the body’s response to insulin.
Name a contraindication for using Metformin.
Severe renal impairment
What are incretin mimetics?
Drugs that mimic the action of incretin hormones to lower blood sugar.
Fill in the blank: The mechanism of action for DPP-4 inhibitors involves __________.
inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme
What is the main advantage of SGLT2 inhibitors?
They promote renal excretion of glucose.
True or False: All oral anti-hyperglycemic agents must be used in combination with insulin.
False
What is the typical response time for oral anti-hyperglycemic agents?
They typically take weeks to show full effects.
Which agent is used to treat hypoglycemia caused by sulfonylureas?
Glucagon
What is a common monitoring parameter for patients on oral anti-hyperglycemic agents?
Blood glucose levels
Fill in the blank: __________ is a potential side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Urinary tract infections
What is the main goal of therapy with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents?
To achieve and maintain good glycemic control.
True or False: Lifestyle changes are not important when using oral anti-hyperglycemic agents.
False
What is the importance of patient education when prescribing oral anti-hyperglycemic agents?
To ensure proper use and adherence to therapy.
