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2nd Shifting PHA6133 LEC > Anti-Acne Products > Flashcards

Anti-Acne Products Flashcards

1
Q

Common dermatological disorder of the pilosebaceous unit

A

Acne

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2
Q

T/F: Acne is not a disease condition

A

False

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3
Q

T/F: Before it becomes a full blown acne it can be managed in part by using cosmetic products

A

True

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4
Q

What are the major contributing factors to acne development?

A

Sebum, androgens, hyperkeratinization, Propionibacterium acnes, Inflammation (immune responses)

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5
Q

T/F: Usually acne is in part triggered by excess sebum production

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: When our sebaceous glands hyporeact, there is increase sebum production

A

False. Hyper react

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7
Q

This is a contributing factor, a hormone that commonly starts with puberty

A

Androgens

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8
Q

T/F: Hyperkeratinization is a normal process

A

False. Keratinization is a normal process

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9
Q

Process where forming of the skin cells. They are gradually going up into the epidermis eventually being sloughed off

A

Keratinization

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10
Q

T/F: With hyperkeratinization formation of skin cells becomes faster and yet they are not being sloughed off. There is a tendency for the skin cells to clog the skin pores

A

True

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11
Q

Main causative agent associated with acne development

A

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)

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12
Q

T/F: Common immune response manifest itself in the form of inflammation

A

True

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13
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Hyperkeratosis and increased corneocyte cohesiveness in the upper sebaceous follicle, which lead to microcomedo formation

A

Early comedo

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14
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Androgen stimulation of sebum production

A

Early comedo

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15
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Accumulation of shed keratin and sebum

A

Later comedo

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16
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Formation of whorled lamellar concretions

A

Later comedo

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17
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Comedo may be closed (no obvious follicular opening) or open (dilated follicular opening; keratin plug darkens due to oxidized lipids & melanin)

A

Later comedo

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18
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Propionibacterium acnes proliferation, which upregulates innate immune responses (e.g. via TLRs)

A

Inflammatory papule/pustule

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19
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Mild inflammation (primarily neutrophils), which increases upon rupture of the comedo wall

A

Inflammatory papule/pustule

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20
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Sebaceous lobule regression

A

Inflammatory papule/pustule

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21
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Marked inflammation (primarily T cells)

A

Nodule/cyst

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22
Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

May lead to scarring

A

Nodule/cyst

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23
Q

○ Not visible by the naked eye because of its small size
○ Occurs under the skin
○ Caused by androgen stimulation of sebum production

A

Microcomedo

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24
Q

Consists of open and closed comedones, which are not inflamed and red because follicle walls are intact

A

Non-inflammatory Lesions

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25
Q

● Known as open comedones
● Follicles that have wider opening filled with sebum and dead cells

A

Blackheads

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26
Q

T/F: the dark color of the blackhead is caused by exposure of the top of the comedo to oxidization

A

True

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27
Q

● Known as closed comedones
● Follicles opening is closed and have normal skin color
● More likely to progress into inflammatory lesion

A

Whiteheads

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28
Q

Closed comedo becomes larger and packed due to debris and inflammation from P. acnes. When follicle ruptures, white blood cells and red blood cells migrate to contain rupture, and lesions turn red.

A

Inflammatory Lesions

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29
Q

Primary inflammatory lesions; small, raised, usually red, and tender bumps under the skin

A

Papules

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30
Q

Also called pimple; red tender bumps with white pus at the tip

A

Pustules

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31
Q

Deep lesions that are hard to touch, more painful, and deep red or purple of in color

A

Nodule

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32
Q

Large pus-filled lesions resulting from severe inflammatory reaction. Can result to scarring of acne

A

Cyst

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33
Q

T/F: The grading of acne is based on severity, including number of comedones, inflammatory lesions, total lesion count, and cysts

A

True

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34
Q

Grade of acne: limited to face, and characterized by presence of non-inflammatory closed and open comedones with few inflammatory lesions

A

Mild acne

35
Q

Grade of acne: increased number of inflammatory papules and pustules on the face and affects other body parts (Common examples such as: back, chest, shoulders)

A

Moderate acne

36
Q

Grade of acne: presence of nodules and cysts; facial lesions accompanied by widespread disease on the neck, chest, and back

A

Severe acne

37
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Non-antibiotic antimicrobial agent that kill bacteria by producing reactive oxygen species within clogged pores

A

benzoyl peroxide

38
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Increases cell turnover, cleans pores, desquamates skin, and has anti-inflammatory properties

A

benzoyl peroxide

39
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Mainstay treatment of mild to moderate acne, in combination with antibiotics and/or retinoids

A

benzoyl peroxide

40
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Topical OTC products at 2.5-10% concentration as creams, gels, lotions, and facial wash

A

benzoyl peroxide

41
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Side effects include peeling, dryness, burning, and redness of the skin

A

benzoyl peroxide

42
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Irritation resolves with continued use during 1st month of treatment

A

benzoyl peroxide

43
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Desquamating and comedolytic properties. Less potent and better tolerated than topical retinoids

A

salicylic acid

44
Q

Identify the topical treatment

OTC products at concentrations of 0.5-2% as lotions, creams, foams, facial wash gels, toners, and cleansing pads

A

salicylic acid

45
Q

identify the topical treatment

May cause skin dryness, redness, scaling, itching, and burning. Couple the use of these agents with sunblock/sunscreen

A

salicylic acid

46
Q

Identify the topical treatment

Available as creams, masks, ointments, and soap bars

A

Resorcinol and sulfur

47
Q

identify the topical treatment

Vitamin A derivatives that normalize abnormal desquamation in sebaceous follicles, decrease coherence of follicular keratinocytes, and prevent formation of new microcomedones

A

topical retinoids

48
Q

identify the topical treatment

Maybe used as monotherapy for the management of mild noninflammatory comedonal acne with maximum benefit after 3-4 mos., and as maintenance therapy

A

topical retinoids

49
Q

identify the topical treatment

tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene

A

topical retinoids

50
Q

identify the topical treatment

Prescription drug available as cream, gel, liquid, and microsphere formulations

A

topical retinoids

51
Q

identify the topical treatment

May cause transient skin irritation, burning sensation, redness, itching, and peeling. Negative effects can be prevented by using lower concentration of active ingredients or modifying the vehicle. Used according to its directions

A

topical retinoids

52
Q

T/F: In topical retinoids, liquid vehicle would be more irritating (especially if alcohol based)

A

True

53
Q

identify the topical treatment

Used for mild or moderate acne with inflammatory lesions. Include clindamycin and erythromycin

A

topical antibiotics

54
Q

identify the topical treatment

With bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory properties

A

topical antibiotics

55
Q

identify the topical treatment

Available as gels, creams, lotions, foams, toners, and pads

A

topical antibiotics

56
Q

identify the topical treatment

Combined with benzoyl peroxide (minimize bacterial resistance) and retinoids (synergistic comedolytic and anti inflammatory properties)

A

topical antibiotics

57
Q

identify the topical treatment

Alternative to retinoids; with comedolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties

A

azelaic acid

58
Q

identify the topical treatment

Part of the annex that list the ingredients that are not allowed for use in cosmetics. They are categorized as OTC drugs usually

A

azelaic acid

59
Q

identify the systemic treatment

With antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Include doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, and erythromycin

A

oral antibiotics

60
Q

identify the systemic treatment

May cause upset stomach, dizziness, or skin discoloration

A

oral antibiotics

61
Q

it is an oral antibiotic that can cause sun sensitivity

A

doxycycline

62
Q

it is an oral antibiotic that can cause teeth discoloration

A

tetracycline

63
Q

it is an oral antibiotic that can cause hyperpigmentation

A

minocycline

64
Q

identify the systemic treatment

Adjunct therapy in women with moderate to severe acne. Reduces and/or prevents outbreaks, but not effective for existing lesions

A

hormonal therapy

65
Q

this form of hormonal therapy suppress ovarian androgen production

A

combination oral contraceptives

66
Q

this form of horomonal therapy block effect of androgens on the sebaceous gland

A

androgen receptor blockers

67
Q

examples of androgen receptor blockers

A

spironolactone, cyproterone, and flutamide

68
Q

identify the systemic treatment

Used as adjunct therapy in combination with topical retinoids

A

hormonal therapy

69
Q

identify the systemic treatment

May cause headache, breast tenderness, nausea and depression; increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and blood clots

A

hormonal treatment

70
Q

identify the systemic treatment

Oral retinoid for the treatment of moderate to severe acne that does not respond to other treatments

A

isotretinoin

71
Q

T/F: isotretinoin is used as a first-line oral retinoid

A

False. It is used as a last resort

72
Q

identify the systemic treatment

Targets all major components in acne development, and may be used as monotherapy

A

isotretinoin

73
Q

identify the systemic treatment

May cause dryness of the skin, eyes, mouth, lips, and nose; itching; nosebleeds; muscle aches; sun sensitivity; and poor night vision

A

isotretinoin

74
Q

identify the systemic treatment

May increase levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood, and increase liver enzyme levels

A

isotretinoin

75
Q

identify the systemic treatment

May cause malformation of developing fetus (teratogenic). When using this, make sure the patient is not pregnant or no plans in being pregnant

A

isotretinoin

76
Q

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic

AHAs desquamate the SC and give a smoother appearance

A

chemical peels

77
Q

this is a chemical peel that has moderate growth inhibitory and bactericidal effect on Propionibacterium acnes

A

glycolic acid

78
Q

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic

By squeezing with fingertips and using a comedone extractor

A

comedo extraction

79
Q

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic

Include broad-spectrum continuous-wave visible light, intense pulsed light, pulsed dye lasers, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and pulsed diode laser

A

optical therapies

80
Q

T/F: optical therapies should be used intermittently

A

True

81
Q

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic

Include herbal ingredients like aloe vera, fruit-derived acids, and tea tree oil

A

herbal and alternative therapies

82
Q

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic

avoiding oily foods, reducing chocolates, reducing dairy consumption, and not eating nuts

A

dietary restriction

83
Q

Bonus question: Who has a perfect, glass skin and has a very glowing skin everyday?

A

Andre Martin E. Marapao

2nd Shifting PHA6133 LEC (6 decks)

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