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Bacc Core OSU > ANTH 330 Midterm 1 > Flashcards

ANTH 330 Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropology definition

A

study of humankind in all times and places

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2
Q

Anthropology is…

A

social science, studies culture, holistic, generalizing, comparative, empirical, fieldwork

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3
Q

Social Science

A

academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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4
Q

Studies Culture

A

socially transmitted ideas, values, perception

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5
Q

Holistic

A

social interactions, material objects, language, physical bodies

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6
Q

Generalizing

A

study small sample, generalize to population

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7
Q

Comparative

A

what makes people different or same

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8
Q

Empirical

A

observation or experimentation

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9
Q

Fieldwork

A

on site research

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10
Q

Sub disciplines of anthro

A

cultural, linguistic, archeology, physical

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11
Q

Cultural def

A

study of patterns, behavior, thoughts, culture producing

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12
Q

Ethnography

A

detailed description of a particular culture

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13
Q

Ethnology

A

study of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view

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14
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

biological changes through time

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15
Q

Globalization

A

worldwide connectedness, rapid global movement of natural resources, trade goods, human labor, finance capital, information, diseases. (holistic, comparative)

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16
Q

Ethical

A

responsibility to people and animals with cultures are studied

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17
Q

Define Science

A

a body of knowledge gained through observation and experimentation

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18
Q

3 basic questions

A

whats there?
how does it work?
how did it come to be this way?

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19
Q

characteristics of science

A

falsifiable, experiments reproduced, explanatory, predictive, reliable, not democratic, non dogmatic

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20
Q

Scientific Method

A

an approach to research whereby a problem is identified, a hypothesis is stated, and a hypothesis is tested

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21
Q

Fact

A

observation/phenomenon verified by experiments

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22
Q

Hypothesis

A

tentative explanation of relationships among a certain phenomenon

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23
Q

Theory

A

coherent statement that provides an explanatory framework (hypothesis) for understanding supported by a reliable body of facts.

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24
Q

Facts to theories

A

event -> relationship -> law -> theory

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25
Q

Doctrine

A

assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by authority as true and indisputable. (catholic-bible)

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26
Q

Scientific process can NEVER

A

prove a theory, it can only disprove a hypothesis

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27
Q

Theology

A

systematic and rational study of concepts of God and their influences and the nature of the religious truths

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28
Q

Hermetic Theory

A

divine spirit present in all the material things in the world

29
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

emergence of modern since when developments in math, physics, astronomy, bio, medicine, and chem transformed views of society and nature.

30
Q

Taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus - developed the method of classifying plants and animals. first person to include humans with animals.

31
Q

Lamarck evolution theory

A

no enviro change, characteristics passed on generations

32
Q

Catastrophism

A

Georges Curier. extinction, fossils

33
Q

Uniformitarianism and Deep Time

A

Charles Lyell. Earth is older than people expected

34
Q

actual source of variation

A

DNA, genes

35
Q

actual mechanism of evolutionary change

A

mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, selection

36
Q

microevolution

A

changes produced within one individual or generation. the production and redistribution of variation within individual organisms. (changes in allele frequences)

37
Q

Allele

A

alternate form of a gene

38
Q

gene

A

a sequence of DNA bases that specify the order of amino acids in a protein

39
Q

Chromosome

A

organized structure of genes

40
Q

Cell

A

basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

41
Q

Prokaryotes

A

single-celled organism. no nucleus or organelles

42
Q

Eukaryotes

A

multi-celled organisms. DNA contained in nucleus.

43
Q

Somatic Cell (Type of Eukaryote)

A

muscles, bones, skin, nerves

44
Q

Gametes (Type of Eukaryote)

A

sperm, eggs. pass on genetics

45
Q

DNA

A

double stranded molecule that contains the genetic code

46
Q

regulatory genes

A

genes that code for protein for function of body

47
Q

homeobox genes (hox)

A

direct segmentation of embryonic tissues

48
Q

Transcription

A

cell replication, DNA to mRNA

49
Q

Translation

A

mRNA to amino acid chain at ribosomes

50
Q

Mitosis

A

cell division of somatic cells

51
Q

Meiosis

A

cell division of reproductive cells

52
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

mitosis. 46 chromosomes. mutations only

53
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

mitosis and meiosis. 23 chromosomes. mutation and fertilization.

54
Q

Mutation

A

change in DNA

55
Q

Fertilization

A

combo of two gametes

56
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

principle of segregation. principle of independent assortment.

57
Q

Dominance

A

ability of allele or trait to mask the presence of another allele

58
Q

Recessiveness

A

allele for a trait is masked by the presence of another allele

59
Q

Codominance

A

the expression of both alleles in phenotypes

60
Q

Heterozygous

A

chromosome pair that bears different cycles for a single gene

61
Q

Homozygous

A

chromosome pair that bears identical alleles for a single gene

62
Q

Genotype

A

alleles possessed for a particular trait

63
Q

Phenotype (effect of gene)

A

observable characteristic of an organism that may or may not reflect particular genotype

64
Q

Monogenic

A

tongue rolling, handedness

65
Q

Polygenic

A

height, skin color

66
Q

Pleiotropic

A

sickle cell

67
Q

Epigenetics (tags)

A

modification to DNA, protein, or RNA during an organism life time. passed on generations

68
Q

Traditional Genetics (mutation)

A

slow changes to the genome. adaptions are static

Bacc Core OSU (11 decks)

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