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GIT Anatomy > Anterolateral abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterolateral abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • Abdominal surface of diaphragm
  • Inferior thoracic aperture
  • Xiphisternal joint
  • Costal margin
  • 11th and 12th ribs
  • T12 vertebra
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2
Q

What are anterolateral boundaries of abdomen

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • Ext. oblique
  • Int. oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
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3
Q

What are the inferior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • pelvic inlet
  • pubic symphysis
  • pubic crest
  • pubic tubercle
  • iliopectineal line
  • sacral alae
  • sacral promontory
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4
Q

What are the posterior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • Vertebrae
  • Posterior abdominal wall muscles
  • quadratus lumborum
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
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5
Q

Attachments and function of linea alba

A
  • runs from xiphoid process -> pubic symphysis

- separates right & left rectus abdominis

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6
Q

Attachments and function of linea semilunaris

A
  • runs from CCs -> pubic tubercles

- Marks lateral borders of rectus abdominis muscles

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7
Q

ORIGIN Ext oblique

A

Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower 8 ribs

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8
Q

INSERTION ext oblique

A

Lateral lip of iliac crest (posterior fibres); inserts anterior to rectus abdominis on xiphisternum, linea alba and body of pubis

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9
Q

INNERVATION ext oblique

A

Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves

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10
Q

ACTION ext oblique

A

Bilateral: Flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal viscera
Unilateral: Lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of trunk

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11
Q

ORIGIN int oblique

A

Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between origins of external and transversus; lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament (fibres travel in a fan, same is innermost ICs, then become aponeurotic – splits and envelopes upper portion of rectus abdominis reaching linea alba)

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12
Q

INSERTION int oblique

A

Inferior border of the lower 4 ribs;
aponeurosis ending in linea alba;
pubic crest and pectineal line

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13
Q

INNERVATION int oblique

A

Anterior rami of T6-L1 spinal nerves

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14
Q

ACTION int oblique

A

Bilateral: Flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal viscera
Unilateral: Lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the trunk

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15
Q

ORIGIN transversus abdominis

A

Thoracolumbar fascia;
medial lip of iliac crest;
lateral ½ of inguinal ligament; inner CCs of lower 6 ribs where they interdigitate with the diaphragm

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16
Q

INSERTION transversus abdominis

A

Aponeurosis ending in linea alba reinforcing the posterior rectus sheath

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17
Q

INNERVATION transversus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of T6-L1 spinal nerves

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18
Q

ACTION transversus abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contents & maintains posture

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19
Q

ORIGIN rectus abdominis

A

Pubic crest
pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis

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20
Q

INSERTION rectus abdominis

A

CCs of ribs 5 - 7

xiphoid process

21
Q

INNERVATION rectus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of lower seven thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

22
Q

ACTION rectus abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contents;
flex vertebral column;
tense abdominal wall

23
Q

Pyramidalis muscle

A

absent in 20% of people

  • pubic crest
  • into linea alba
  • ant. rami of T12
  • tenses linea alba
24
Q

Rectus sheath above arcuate line

A

1 & 1/2 anterior

1 & 1/2 posterior

25
Rectus sheath below arcuate line
Int and ext oblique as well as transversus abdominis all lie anterior => transversalis fascia now directly meets posterior aspect of rectus abdominis muscle
26
Functions of abdominal muscles as a group
- Provide support for viscera - Can act as accessory muscles of respiration - Aid expulsive efforts - muscles of both sides act together in flexion of the trunk - unilateral action produces lateral flexion while obliques can rotate the trunk
27
Layers of aponeuroses
Skin -> scarpa's fascia -> ext oblique -> int oblique -> transversus abdominis -> transversalis fascia -> extraperitoneal fat -> parietal layer of peritoneum
28
What is the peritoneum composed of
Mesothelium
29
What is mesothelium derived from and what is it similar to
Lateral plate mesoderm - similar to pleura & pericardium in thorax
30
What is mesothelium defined as
Serous membrane that secretes fluid to reduce friction when organs move
31
Where is the arcuate line
1/3 of the way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis (more superior)
32
Blood supply arising from internal thoracic a.
Superior epigastric a. | travels deep to rectus abdominis
33
Blood supply arising from ext iliac a.
Inferior epigastric a. | travels deep to rectus abdominis
34
Blood supply arising from femoral a.
Superficial epigastric a. | travels distal to inguinal ligament & superficial to rectus sheath
35
Drainage of superior epigastric v.
internal thoracic v. | - travels with artery
36
Drainage of superficial epigastric v.
Great saphenous v. | - travels with artery
37
Drainage of inferior epigastric v.
External iliac v. | - travels with artery
38
1. Where do the thoracoepigastric veins drain into | 2. Do they have a corresponding a.
1. lateral thoracic vein | 2. NO
39
1. Where are the periumbilical veins located 2. What do they communicate with 3. Where do they drain
1. located around umbilicus 2. communicate with thoracoepigastric & paraumbilical veins 3. drain into hepatic portal vein
40
Lymphatic drainage above umbilicus
primarily to axillary lymph nodes & to a lesser extent to the internal mammary chain
41
Lymphatic drainage below umbilicus
Drain to inguinal nodes and then to iliac chain of nodes
42
Lymphatic drainage adjacent to umbilicus
drain toward liver through falciform ligament
43
Drainage pathway of deep veins
External iliac -> common iliac -> lumbar -> cisterna chyli -> thoracic duct
44
Where do IC nerves travel
In neurovascular plane between internal & innermost IC muscles
45
When IC nerves pass the costal margin, what do they become
``` Thoracoabdominal nerves (NB - coming from L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal) ```
46
What are GENERAL SOMATIC EFFERENT (GSE) AXONS
Carry motor info to initiate contraction of muscle fibres
47
What are GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT (GSA) AXONS
Carry sensory info from the skin (lat cutaneous & ant cutaneous)
48
Where do GSE and GSA axons usually travel
In neurovascular plane between in oblique and transversus abdominis
49
1. dermatome | 2. vertebral level of umbilicus
1. 10 | 2. L3/L4

GIT Anatomy (8 decks)

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