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GIT Anatomy > Anterolateral abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterolateral abdominal wall Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the superior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • Abdominal surface of diaphragm
  • Inferior thoracic aperture
  • Xiphisternal joint
  • Costal margin
  • 11th and 12th ribs
  • T12 vertebra
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2
Q

What are anterolateral boundaries of abdomen

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • Ext. oblique
  • Int. oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
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3
Q

What are the inferior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • pelvic inlet
  • pubic symphysis
  • pubic crest
  • pubic tubercle
  • iliopectineal line
  • sacral alae
  • sacral promontory
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4
Q

What are the posterior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • Vertebrae
  • Posterior abdominal wall muscles
  • quadratus lumborum
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
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5
Q

Attachments and function of linea alba

A
  • runs from xiphoid process -> pubic symphysis

- separates right & left rectus abdominis

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6
Q

Attachments and function of linea semilunaris

A
  • runs from CCs -> pubic tubercles

- Marks lateral borders of rectus abdominis muscles

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7
Q

ORIGIN Ext oblique

A

Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower 8 ribs

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8
Q

INSERTION ext oblique

A

Lateral lip of iliac crest (posterior fibres); inserts anterior to rectus abdominis on xiphisternum, linea alba and body of pubis

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9
Q

INNERVATION ext oblique

A

Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves

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10
Q

ACTION ext oblique

A

Bilateral: Flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal viscera
Unilateral: Lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of trunk

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11
Q

ORIGIN int oblique

A

Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between origins of external and transversus; lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament (fibres travel in a fan, same is innermost ICs, then become aponeurotic – splits and envelopes upper portion of rectus abdominis reaching linea alba)

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12
Q

INSERTION int oblique

A

Inferior border of the lower 4 ribs;
aponeurosis ending in linea alba;
pubic crest and pectineal line

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13
Q

INNERVATION int oblique

A

Anterior rami of T6-L1 spinal nerves

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14
Q

ACTION int oblique

A

Bilateral: Flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal viscera
Unilateral: Lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the trunk

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15
Q

ORIGIN transversus abdominis

A

Thoracolumbar fascia;
medial lip of iliac crest;
lateral ½ of inguinal ligament; inner CCs of lower 6 ribs where they interdigitate with the diaphragm

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16
Q

INSERTION transversus abdominis

A

Aponeurosis ending in linea alba reinforcing the posterior rectus sheath

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17
Q

INNERVATION transversus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of T6-L1 spinal nerves

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18
Q

ACTION transversus abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contents & maintains posture

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19
Q

ORIGIN rectus abdominis

A

Pubic crest
pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis

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20
Q

INSERTION rectus abdominis

A

CCs of ribs 5 - 7

xiphoid process

21
Q

INNERVATION rectus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of lower seven thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

22
Q

ACTION rectus abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contents;
flex vertebral column;
tense abdominal wall

23
Q

Pyramidalis muscle

A

absent in 20% of people

  • pubic crest
  • into linea alba
  • ant. rami of T12
  • tenses linea alba
24
Q

Rectus sheath above arcuate line

A

1 & 1/2 anterior

1 & 1/2 posterior

25
Q

Rectus sheath below arcuate line

A

Int and ext oblique as well as transversus abdominis all lie anterior => transversalis fascia now directly meets posterior aspect of rectus abdominis muscle

26
Q

Functions of abdominal muscles as a group

A
  • Provide support for viscera
  • Can act as accessory muscles of respiration
  • Aid expulsive efforts
  • muscles of both sides act together in flexion of the trunk
  • unilateral action produces lateral flexion while obliques can rotate the trunk
27
Q

Layers of aponeuroses

A

Skin -> scarpa’s fascia -> ext oblique -> int oblique -> transversus abdominis -> transversalis fascia -> extraperitoneal fat -> parietal layer of peritoneum

28
Q

What is the peritoneum composed of

A

Mesothelium

29
Q

What is mesothelium derived from and what is it similar to

A

Lateral plate mesoderm - similar to pleura & pericardium in thorax

30
Q

What is mesothelium defined as

A

Serous membrane that secretes fluid to reduce friction when organs move

31
Q

Where is the arcuate line

A

1/3 of the way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis (more superior)

32
Q

Blood supply arising from internal thoracic a.

A

Superior epigastric a.

travels deep to rectus abdominis

33
Q

Blood supply arising from ext iliac a.

A

Inferior epigastric a.

travels deep to rectus abdominis

34
Q

Blood supply arising from femoral a.

A

Superficial epigastric a.

travels distal to inguinal ligament & superficial to rectus sheath

35
Q

Drainage of superior epigastric v.

A

internal thoracic v.

- travels with artery

36
Q

Drainage of superficial epigastric v.

A

Great saphenous v.

- travels with artery

37
Q

Drainage of inferior epigastric v.

A

External iliac v.

- travels with artery

38
Q
  1. Where do the thoracoepigastric veins drain into

2. Do they have a corresponding a.

A
  1. lateral thoracic vein

2. NO

39
Q
  1. Where are the periumbilical veins located
  2. What do they communicate with
  3. Where do they drain
A
  1. located around umbilicus
  2. communicate with thoracoepigastric & paraumbilical veins
  3. drain into hepatic portal vein
40
Q

Lymphatic drainage above umbilicus

A

primarily to axillary lymph nodes & to a lesser extent to the internal mammary chain

41
Q

Lymphatic drainage below umbilicus

A

Drain to inguinal nodes and then to iliac chain of nodes

42
Q

Lymphatic drainage adjacent to umbilicus

A

drain toward liver through falciform ligament

43
Q

Drainage pathway of deep veins

A

External iliac -> common iliac -> lumbar -> cisterna chyli -> thoracic duct

44
Q

Where do IC nerves travel

A

In neurovascular plane between internal & innermost IC muscles

45
Q

When IC nerves pass the costal margin, what do they become

A 
Thoracoabdominal nerves 
(NB - coming from L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal)
46
Q

What are GENERAL SOMATIC EFFERENT (GSE) AXONS

A

Carry motor info to initiate contraction of muscle fibres

47
Q

What are GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT (GSA) AXONS

A

Carry sensory info from the skin (lat cutaneous & ant cutaneous)

48
Q

Where do GSE and GSA axons usually travel

A

In neurovascular plane between in oblique and transversus abdominis

49
Q
  1. dermatome

2. vertebral level of umbilicus

A
  1. 10

2. L3/L4

GIT Anatomy (8 decks)

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