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GIT Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

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1
Q

When the anterior abdominal wall is reflected to expose the contents of the abdominal cavity, what is everything that can be seen covered in

A

Peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity

A

“space” between the parietal & visceral layers of peritoneum where no structures are found - no fluid occupies this potential space to allow movement & mobility of certain organs

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3
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into

A

* greater sac = main compartment * lesser sac = hidden from view

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4
Q

What does the peritoneum viscera have a relationship with

A

All abdominal viscera - INTRAPERITONEAL = within - EXTRAPERITONEAL = outside

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5
Q

Parietal layer of peritoneum

A
  • Covers & lines the internal walls of the abdomen
  • Pain is well-localised => sensitive
  • served by same neurovasculature as adjacent wall/structure

(pink)

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6
Q

Visceral layer of peritoneum

A
  • Covers & invests abdominal organs that protude into peritoneal cavity
  • Pain is generalised/REFERRED
  • Served by same neurovasculature as organ it is covering

(blue)

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7
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity

A

“Potential” fluid-filled space between parietal & visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

What are peritoneal structures formed from

A

More than 1 layer of peritoneum

  • Omenta
  • Mesentery
  • Peritoneal ligament

(yellow)

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9
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into

A

The greater & lesser sac

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10
Q
  1. What is the greater sac
  2. Where does it extend from
  3. Are there organs in this potential space
A
  1. Main component of peritoneal cavity
  2. Extends from diaphragm -> pelvis
  3. NO
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11
Q

Peritoneal cavity in males

A

Completely closed

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12
Q

Peritoneal cavity in females

A

Opening in peritoneum through the uterine tubes

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13
Q
  1. What is the lesser sac also known as
  2. Where is it positioned
A
  1. Omental bursa - no organs here
  2. Small compartment that is lined with peritoneum & is positioned:
  • BEHIND stomach and greater omentum
  • IN FRONT OF peritoneum & pancreas
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14
Q

how is the lesser sac/omental bursa formed

A

Twisting & rotation of gut

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15
Q
  1. What does the omental foramen provide
  2. What is it also known as
A
  1. Direct communication between the greater & lesser sacs
  2. Epiploic foramen/foramen of Winslow
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16
Q

Mesentery

A

Defined as a double layer of peritoneum resulting from invagination of peritoneum by organs

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17
Q

Greater & lesser omenta

A

Extensions of peritoneum that form ligamentous “aprons” extending from stomach & proximal duodenum -> adjacent organs

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18
Q

Peritoneal ligaments

A

Membranous fold (double layer of peritoneum) that supports an organ by helping to keep it in anatomical position

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19
Q

Peritoneal recesses

A

Potential spaces in abdominal cavity where excess fluid may collect

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20
Q

Peritoneal fossae

A

Depressions in anterior abdominal wall that are lateral to the 3 respective umbilical folds

21
Q

What do mesenteries provide

A

Pathways for vessels, nerves and lymphatics to pass between abdominal organs

22
Q

What does the mesentery contain

A

Fat

Arteries

Veins

Lymphatic vessels

Nerves supplying abdominal organs

23
Q

Function of mesentery

A

Connect organs to posterior abdominal wall

  • Mesooesophagus (embryonic)
  • Mesogastrium (embryonic)
  • Mesentery proper of small bowel
  • Mesoappendix
  • Transverse mesocolon
  • Sigmoid mesocolon
24
Q

What is the lesser omentum

A

DOUBLE LAYERED PERITONEAL FOLD

  • Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum
25
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the lesser omentum

A
  1. HEPATOGASTRIC - thin and membranous portion
  2. HEPATODUODENAL - thick free edge containing the portal triad
26
Q

What is the greater omentum

A
  • FOUR LAYERED PERITONEAL FOLD
  • Connects transverse colon to greater curvature of stomach
  • hangs down and is able to move within the peritoneal cavity
  • Can wrap around organs to localise inflammation & prevent peritoneal adhesions (abdominal policeman)
27
Q

Name the 5 hepatic peritoneal ligaments

A
  • Coronary ligament - limited by left/right triangular ligaments
  • falciform ligament
  • Round ligament of liver - ligamentum teres hepatis
  • hepatogastric ligament - membranous lesser omentum
  • hepatoduodenal ligament - thick edge lesser omentum
28
Q

Name the 5 gastric peritoneal ligaments

A
  1. Hepatogastric
  2. gastrophrenic
  3. gastrosplenic/gastrolienal
  4. gastrocolic
  5. (phrenicocolic)
29
Q

Name the 2 splenic peritoneal ligaments

A
  1. Gastrosplenic ligament
  2. Splenorenal ligament
30
Q

What is the paracolic gutter

A
  • Groove between abdominal wall and lateral aspect of the ascending or descending colon
  • Allows communication between the supracolic & infracolic regions of the greater sac
  • Important for peritoneal flow
31
Q

What is the hepatorenal recess

A
  • Extension of the subhepatic space between the visceral surface of liver and right kidney
  • potential site for fluid collection
32
Q

What are the subphrenic recesses

A
  • Located below the diaphragm
  • Separated into left & right by falciform ligament
  • Potential space for fluid collection
33
Q

What is the subhepatic space

A

Immediately inferior to liver

34
Q
  1. Are the intraperitoneal organs mobile
  2. Which ones are they
A
  1. YES
    • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Transverse colon
  • SI
35
Q

Please Don’t Act Rash

  1. Are retroperitoneal organs mobile
  2. Which ones are they
A
  1. NO
    • Pancreas
  • Duodenum (part is intraperitoneal)
  • Aorta
  • Rectum
36
Q
  • What are the intraperitoneal organs defined as
  • How are they suspended
A
  • Being almost entirely wrapped in visceral peritoneum
  • Suspended by mesentery in the abdominal cavity
37
Q

List the intra-peritoneal organs

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver
  3. Spleen
  4. tail of pancreas
  5. duodenum - 1st part
  6. jejunum
  7. ileum
  8. cecum & appendix
  9. transverse colon
  10. sigmoid colon
  11. uterus
  12. uterine tubes
38
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs defined as

A

Lying behind the peritoneal cavity with only part of its surface covered by peritoneum

39
Q

What are primary retroperitoneal structures

A

Retroperitoneal from the start of their development

  • Suprarenal/adrenal glands
  • Ureters
  • Kidneys
  • Aorta & IVC
  • Esophagus
  • Rectum - proximal 1/3rd

SAD PUCKER

40
Q

What are secondary retroperitoneal structures

A

Were once suspended within the abdominal cavity by mesentery but migrated posteriorly to end up behind the peritoneum

  • Duodenum - 2nd, 3rd, 4th parts
  • Pancreas - head, neck and body
  • Ascending & descending colon
41
Q

What happens to the kidneys if someone loses a lot of weight drastically

A

Kidneys become mobile because they’re supported by fascia

42
Q

What are infra/extra/subperitoneal organs

A

Defined as being BENEATH the peritoneal cavity

only part of its surface is covered by peritoneum

  • Rectum - Distal 2/3rds
  • Urinary bladder
43
Q

What delineates the boundary between the supracolic and infracolic abdominal compartments

A

The transverse mesocolon

SUPRACOLIC:

Visceral structures below the diaphragm and above the transverse mesocolon

44
Q

What are the 7 supracolic viscera

A
  1. Distal esophagus
  2. Stomach
  3. Duodenum - 1st and part of 2nd
  4. Pancreas
  5. Spleen
  6. Liver
  7. Gallbladder

(unpaired digestive glands/organs)

45
Q

What are the 6 infracolic viscera

A
  1. SI - 2nd, 3rd, 4th parts; jejenum; ileum
  2. Cecum
  3. Appendix
  4. Large colon
  5. Rectum
  6. Anus
46
Q
  1. Where does the celiac trunk branch from
  2. What does it supply
A
  1. Branches from the abdominal aorta at the level of T12
  2. Foregut
  • Distal oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Duodenum - 1st & proximal 2nd part
47
Q
  1. Where does the superior mesenteric artery branch from
  2. What does it supply
A
  1. Abdominal aorta at the level of L1
  2. MIDGUT
  • Duodenum (distal) - 2nd, 3rd, 4th parts
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon - proximal 2/3rds
48
Q
  1. Where does the inferior mesenteric artery branch from
  2. What does it supply
A
  1. Abdominal aorta at the level of L3
  2. HINDGUT
  • Transverse colon - distal 1/3rd
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum and anal canal (upper half only)

GIT Anatomy (8 decks)

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