Anterolateral Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

Answer 1

skin
superficial fascia
muscles and associated fascias
transversalis and extraperitoneal fascias
parietal peritoneum

Question 2

What are the superior, inferior, posterior boundaries of the abdomen?

Answer 2

superior: xiphoid process and costal margin
inferior: upper parts of the pelvic bone
posterior: thoracolumbar fascia and lumbar vertebrae

Question 3

what is the name for the two superficial fascia

Answer 3

-the fatty connective tissue layer is campers fascia
-the membranous layer is called scarpas fascia
- at the umbilicus region they are completely separate

Question 4

Explain campers fascia in men and women

Answer 4

-in men, it continues into the penis and then fuses with scarpas. It will continue into the scrotum where it will form a specialized fascia called dartos fascia.
-in women, it continue to the labia majora.

Question 5

what are the 3 flat muscles of the anterolateral group of the abdomen?

Answer 5

-the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
-the fibers begin posterolateral and pass anteriorly and are replaced by an aponeurosis as the muscle moves toward the midline

Question 5

what are the 2 vertical muscles of the anterolateral group of the abdomen?

Answer 5

-Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis, these two are near the midline.
-about 20% of people do not have pyramidalis

Question 6

where is the transversalis fascia

Answer 6

lays between the inner surface of the transverse abdominis and extraperitoneal fascia

Question 7

where is the extraperitoneal fascia

Answer 7

this fascia is deep to the transversalis fascia

Question 8

what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the external oblique

Answer 8

Origin: outer surface of rib 5-12
Insertion: linea alba, pelvic crest, ASIS, iliac crest
Innervation: anterior rami of T7 -T12 and L1
Action: Rotate the trunk to the opposite side and compress abdominal contents

Question 9

what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the internal oblique

Answer 9

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: lower margins rib 9-12, pubic crest, and linea alba
Innervation: anterior rami T7-T12
Action: rotation to the same side and compress abdominal contents

Question 10

what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the transversus abdomen

Answer 10

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage of lower ribs
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
Innervation: anterior rami T7-T12 and L1
Action: compress abdominal contents

Question 11

what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the rectus abdominis

Answer 11

Origin: pubic crest, tubercle, and symphysis
Insertion: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process
Innervation: anterior rami of T7-T12
Action: flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

Question 12

what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the pyramidalis

Answer 12

Origin: front of pubis and pubic symphysis
Insertion: linea alba
Innervation: anterior ramus of T12
Action: tense the linea alba

Question 13

what is the rectus sheath

Answer 13

it encloses the rectus abdominis and the pyramidalis. It is the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 14

describe the inguinal ligament

Answer 14

It is formed by lower border of the oblique aponeurosis. Passes between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle.

Question 15

describe the lacunar ligament

Answer 15

It is a crescent shaped extension of fibers at the medial end of the inguinal ligament. It attaches to the pubis and superior ramus of the pubic bone.

Question 16

describe the pectineal ligament

Answer 16

It is an extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis line

Question 17

what stricture pierces through the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 17

superficial inguinal ring

Question 18

describe the inguinal canal

Answer 18

it is a slit like passage that is located above the inguinal ligament. It will begin in the deep inguinal ring and end at the superficial inguinal ring.

Question 19

what structures are in the inguinal canal

Answer 19

-the spermatic cord in men and the round ligament of the uterus in women
-these structures will enter the inguinal canal through the deep ring and exit through the superficial inguinal ring

Question 20

describe inguinal hernias

Answer 20

• it is a protrusion or passage of the peritoneal sac through a weakened part of the abdominal wall in the groin
• the peritoneal sac enters the inguinal canal either directly (posterior wall of inguinal canal) or indirectly (through deep inguinal ring)

Question 21

what are the two branches of the internal thoracic artery?

Answer 21

intercostal arteries and musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery

Question 22

what is a branch of the femoral artery?

Answer 22

superior circumflex iliac artery

Question 23

what are the two branches of the external iliac artery?

Answer 23

inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac artery