Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
skin
superficial fascia
muscles and associated fascias
transversalis and extraperitoneal fascias
parietal peritoneum
What are the superior, inferior, posterior boundaries of the abdomen?
superior: xiphoid process and costal margin
inferior: upper parts of the pelvic bone
posterior: thoracolumbar fascia and lumbar vertebrae
what is the name for the two superficial fascia
-the fatty connective tissue layer is campers fascia
-the membranous layer is called scarpas fascia
- at the umbilicus region they are completely separate
Explain campers fascia in men and women
-in men, it continues into the penis and then fuses with scarpas. It will continue into the scrotum where it will form a specialized fascia called dartos fascia.
-in women, it continue to the labia majora.
what are the 3 flat muscles of the anterolateral group of the abdomen?
-the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
-the fibers begin posterolateral and pass anteriorly and are replaced by an aponeurosis as the muscle moves toward the midline
what are the 2 vertical muscles of the anterolateral group of the abdomen?
-Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis, these two are near the midline.
-about 20% of people do not have pyramidalis
where is the transversalis fascia
lays between the inner surface of the transverse abdominis and extraperitoneal fascia
where is the extraperitoneal fascia
this fascia is deep to the transversalis fascia
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the external oblique
Origin: outer surface of rib 5-12
Insertion: linea alba, pelvic crest, ASIS, iliac crest
Innervation: anterior rami of T7 -T12 and L1
Action: Rotate the trunk to the opposite side and compress abdominal contents
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the internal oblique
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: lower margins rib 9-12, pubic crest, and linea alba
Innervation: anterior rami T7-T12
Action: rotation to the same side and compress abdominal contents
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the transversus abdomen
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage of lower ribs
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
Innervation: anterior rami T7-T12 and L1
Action: compress abdominal contents
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the rectus abdominis
Origin: pubic crest, tubercle, and symphysis
Insertion: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process
Innervation: anterior rami of T7-T12
Action: flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the pyramidalis
Origin: front of pubis and pubic symphysis
Insertion: linea alba
Innervation: anterior ramus of T12
Action: tense the linea alba
what is the rectus sheath
it encloses the rectus abdominis and the pyramidalis. It is the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis
describe the inguinal ligament
It is formed by lower border of the oblique aponeurosis. Passes between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle.
describe the lacunar ligament
It is a crescent shaped extension of fibers at the medial end of the inguinal ligament. It attaches to the pubis and superior ramus of the pubic bone.
describe the pectineal ligament
It is an extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis line
what stricture pierces through the external oblique aponeurosis
superficial inguinal ring
describe the inguinal canal
it is a slit like passage that is located above the inguinal ligament. It will begin in the deep inguinal ring and end at the superficial inguinal ring.
what structures are in the inguinal canal
-the spermatic cord in men and the round ligament of the uterus in women
-these structures will enter the inguinal canal through the deep ring and exit through the superficial inguinal ring
describe inguinal hernias
- it is a protrusion or passage of the peritoneal sac through a weakened part of the abdominal wall in the groin
- the peritoneal sac enters the inguinal canal either directly (posterior wall of inguinal canal) or indirectly (through deep inguinal ring)
what are the two branches of the internal thoracic artery?
intercostal arteries and musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery
what is a branch of the femoral artery?
superior circumflex iliac artery
what are the two branches of the external iliac artery?
inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac artery
