Anterior Neck Flashcards
The neck extends anteriorly from the ________ to the upper surface of the _______. Posteriorly from the _______ on the occipital bone to the __________ between _____ vertebrae.
The neck extends anteriorly from the lower border of the mandible to the upper surface of the manubrium. Posteriorly from the superior nuchal line on the occipital bone to the intervertebral disk between the C7 and T1 vertebrae.
What are the 4 compartments of the anterior neck?
1 visceral, 1 vertebral, 2 vascular
what is the visceral in the visceral compartment?
parts of digestive and respiratory systems and endocrinal glands
what is in the vertebral compartment?
cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves and muscles
what is in the 2 vascular compartment?
major blood vessels and the vagus nerve (CN 10)
what fascia form the vertebral compartment?
prevertebral fascia
which fascia surrounds all compartments?
deep fascia (investing) fascia
To find nerves of the brachial plexus look in between the ________ scalene muscles.
anterior and middle scalene
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the platysma?
Origin: infra and supraclavicular regions
Insertion: base of mandible; skin of cheek and angle of mouth
Action: depression of the angles of the mouth and mandible.
Innervated by the facial nerve.
The anterior jugular veins drain blood from…
the anterior triangle of the neck
the external jugular vein drain blood from…
the scalp and the rest of the neck
The ______ arch connects the anterior and external ______ veins.
the jugular venus arch connects the anterior and external jugular veins.
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?
the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid and the inferior border of the mandible
the anterior triangle of the neck is associated with…..
major structures from the head and neck to the thorax
what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?
the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, the anterior border of the trap and middle 1/3 of the clavicle
what is the posterior triangle of the neck associated with?
communication between the neck and the upper limbs
What are the 4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?
- submandibular triangle
2.submental triangle
3.muscular triangle - carotid triangle
what are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
the inferior border of the mandible and digastric muscles
what are the borders of the submental triangle?
the hyoid bone and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle
what are the borders of the muscular triangle?
the hyoid bone, the superior belly of omohyoid muscle, and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
what are the borders of the carotid triangle?
the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the stylohyoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
what is contained within the submandibular triangle?
facial artery and veins, submandibular gland, and hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
what is contained within the submental triangle?
submental lymph nodes
what is contained within the carotid triangle
the int jugular vein, carotid artery, vagus nerve (CN10), and ansa cervicalis
what is contained within the muscular triangle?
thyroid and parathyroid glands
Muscles in the anterior triangle of the neck are grouped according to their location in relation to the hyoid bone. What are the suprahyoid muscles?
stylohyoid
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
Muscles in the anterior triangle of the neck are grouped according to their location in relation to the hyoid bone. What are the infrahyoid muscles?
sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
which muscle has no attachment to the hyoid bone?
the sternothyroid muscle
what is the function of the hyoid bone?
to give support to the tongue when swallowing
Your patient has a lower hyoid bone and therefore has an obstruction to the upper airways (OSA). What can be done?
strengthen the suprahyoid muscles as they pull the hyoid bone posterosuperiorly
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the stylohyoid?
origin: base of styloid process
insertion: greater horns
innervation: facial nerve (CN7)
function: pulls the hyoid bone posterosuperior during swallowing.
how do the stylohyoid muscle and ligament work together?
the stylohyoid muscle inserts to the middle of the greater horn while the stylohyoid ligament inserts to the lesser horn which allows the hyoid bone to move posteriorly and superiorly
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the digastric?
Origin: anteriorly from the digastric fossa and posteriorly from the mastoid process
Insertion: tendon between 2 bellies to body of the hyoid bone
Innervation: mylohyoid nerve
action: elevate the hyoid bone and depress the mandible
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the mylohyoid?
Origin: mylohyoid line on mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve
Action: support and elevate the floor of the mouth to give support to the tongue. It elevates the hyoid bone.
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the geniohyoid?
Origin: inferior mental spine
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: anterior ramus from C1
Action: fixation of the mandible and pulls the mandible inward
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the sternohyoid?
Origin: posterior aspect of the sternoclavicular joint
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: ansa cervicalis
Action: depress the hyoid bone after swallowing
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the omohyoid?
Origin: superior border of the scapula
Insertion: body of the hyoid bone
Innervation: anterior rami of C1 to C3
Action: depress the hyoid bone
what is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the sternothyroid?
Origin: manubrium
Insertion: oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
Innervation: ansa cervicales
Main function: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward
What structures do the internal and external carotid arteries supply?
the internal carotid supplies all of the structures in the skull, the external carotid supplies all of the structures outside of the skull
what is the supply to the internal jugular veins?
structures of the head and neck
The right common carotid artery and right internal jugular vein branch from…
the brachiocephalic trunk
the left common carotid artery and left internal jugular vein branch from….
the aortic arch
what are the branches of the external carotid artery?
superior thyroid artery
pharyngeal artery
lingual artery
facial artery
what cranial nerves arise from the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal (CN9)
Vagus nerve (CN10)
Accessory nerve (CN11)
What cranial nerve arises from the hypoglossal canal?
hypoglossal (CN12)w
what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
innervate muscles of the pharyngeal wall
what is the function of the vagus nerve (CN10)?
innervate several structures such as larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and structures in the abdomen
What is the function of accessory nerve (CN11)?
innervates the SCM and the trap
what is the function of hypoglossal nerve (CN12)?
innervate the tongue
which two nerves are mixed nerves (motor and sensory)?
glossopharyngeal (CN9) and vagus nerve (CN10)
which two nerves are motor nerves?
accessory nerve (CN11) and hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
