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PHTH 511 Anatomy > Abdomen Conceptual Review > Flashcards

Abdomen Conceptual Review Flashcards

1
Q

what are the delimitations of the of the abdomen?

A

the inferior margin or the thorax and the superior margin of the pelvis and lower limb

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2
Q

what is the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

forms the superior opening to the abdomen

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3
Q

What is the abdominal viscera?

A
  • the GI system
    -the causal end of the esophagus
  • the stomach
    -small and large intestines
    -liver
    -pancreas
    -gallbladder
    -spleen
    -kidneys and ureters
    -suprarenal glands
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4
Q

what structures are in the right hypochondrium region

A

-diaphragm
-portion of the liver
-gallbladder
- R kidney and adrenal gland
-small intestine and R colic flexure

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5
Q

what structures are in the left hypochondrium region

A

-part of the spleen
-left kidney and adrenal gland
-part of the stomach
-pancreas
-part of the colon

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6
Q

what structures are in the epigastric region

A

-transverse colon
-part of the liver
-lesser omentum
-diaphragm
-most of the stomach
-gallbladder
- part pancreas
-part duodenum
-part spleen

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7
Q

what structures are in the R flank

A

-gallbladder
-R kidney
-part of the liver
-ascending colon

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8
Q

what structures are in the L flank

A

-descending colon
-left kidney
-part of the spleen

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9
Q

what structures are in the umbilical region

A

-umbilicus
-part of small intestine
(jejunum, duodenum, ileum)
-transverse colon
-part of R and L kidney

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10
Q

what structures are in the R groin region

A

-appendix
-cecum
-R iliac fossa

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11
Q

what structures are in the L groin region

A

-part of descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-L iliac fossa

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12
Q

what structures are in the pubic region

A

-anus
-uterus
-bladder
-part of sigmoid colon
-ovaries
-prostate

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13
Q

what are the 3 main function of the abdominal cavity

A

protection, breathing, and changes in intra-abdominal pressure

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14
Q

how does the abdominal cavity protect?

A

the thoracic wall protects the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, and part of the colon as they are under the diaphragm

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15
Q

How does the abdominal wall assist in breathing?

A

-relaxes during inspiration and accommodates the expansion of the thoracic cavity
-contracts during expiration and assists in the elevation of the diaphragm domes

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16
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm will….
During expiration, the diaphragm will…

A

During inspiration the diaphragm will contract and bring the ribs down while the abdominal muscles relax.
During expiration the diaphragm will relax and bring the ribs up while the abdominal muscles contract.

17
Q

Contraction of the abdominal wall will_____ intra-abdominal pressure.

A

will increase intra abdominal pressure while the diaphragm remains fixed which favors defecation, urination, child birth, and coughing.

18
Q

what makes up the bony wall?

A

-the 5 lumbar vertebrae and 6 discs
-costal margin
-rib 12
-end of rib 11
-xiphoid process

19
Q

what muscles reinforce the posterior aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

QL, psoas major, illiacus

20
Q

what muscles reinforce the lateral aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

TA, internal and external oblique

21
Q

what reinforces the anterior aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

rectus abdominis

22
Q

how is the GI system suspended in the abdominal cavity?

A

-the GI system is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall and partially from the mesentery in the anterior abdominal wall.
-the ventral mesentery suspends proximal regions of the gut
-the dorsal mesentery runs along the entire length of the system

23
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

is it a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the viscera to the abdominal wall

24
Q

what is the parietal peritoneum?

A

lines the abdominal wall

25
Q

what is the visceral peritoneum?

A

covers suspended organs

26
Q

what is considered intraperitoneal?

A

structures suspended from the abdominal wall by the mesentery

27
Q

what is considered retroperitoneal?

A

structures that are not suspended in the abdominal wall by the mesentery that lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall
KIDNEY AND URETERS

28
Q

what does “retroperitoneal secondary” mean?

A

some organs like parts of the small and large intestine are initially suspended by the mesentery but later on fuse with the abdominal wall

29
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach?

A

the inferior margin of the inferior thoracic aperture.
the xiphoid process, the distal cartilagenous ends of ribs 7 to 10 and their costal margins, ribs 11 and 12.

30
Q

describe the crus of the diaphragm

A

the crus is a muscular extension that anchors the diaphragm to the anterolateral surface of the vertebral column
- R goes to L3
-L goes to L2
-differences in length are due to the esophagus

31
Q

what anchors the diaphragm posteriorly?

A

posteriorly the diaphragm is anchored to arch shaped (arcuate) ligaments
-median arcuate ligament crosses the aorta and is continuous with the crus on both sides
-medial and lateral arcuate ligament cross the posterior abdominal wall (QL) and attach to transverse process of L1 and rib 12

32
Q

what structures pass between the abdomen and pelvis to the thigh?

A

-inferior vena cava, aorta, psoas major and illiacus, external iliac artery and vein, femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein (once you cross inguinal ligament)

33
Q

the peritoneum lining the _____ is _____ with the peritoneum in the _____.

A

abdomen, pelvis

34
Q

how does the abdomen communicate directly with the thigh?

A

through an aperture formed anteriorly between the inferior margin of the abdominal wall marked by the inguinal ligament and the pelvic bone

35
Q

what major structures pass through the aperture marked by the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone?

A

external iliac artery and vein which will turn into the femoral vein and artery once is crosses the inguinal ligament. The femoral nerve, lymphatics, and distal end of the psoas major and illiacus

36
Q

what are the borders of the four quadrant pattern?

A

the transumbilical plane is marked by the umbilicus and intervertebral disc (L3&L4)
the vertical plane is marked by the xiphoid process and pubic symphysis

PHTH 511 Anatomy (8 decks)

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