Abdomen Conceptual Review Flashcards
what are the delimitations of the of the abdomen?
the inferior margin or the thorax and the superior margin of the pelvis and lower limb
what is the inferior thoracic aperture?
forms the superior opening to the abdomen
What is the abdominal viscera?
- the GI system
-the causal end of the esophagus - the stomach
-small and large intestines
-liver
-pancreas
-gallbladder
-spleen
-kidneys and ureters
-suprarenal glands
what structures are in the right hypochondrium region
-diaphragm
-portion of the liver
-gallbladder
- R kidney and adrenal gland
-small intestine and R colic flexure
what structures are in the left hypochondrium region
-part of the spleen
-left kidney and adrenal gland
-part of the stomach
-pancreas
-part of the colon
what structures are in the epigastric region
-transverse colon
-part of the liver
-lesser omentum
-diaphragm
-most of the stomach
-gallbladder
- part pancreas
-part duodenum
-part spleen
what structures are in the R flank
-gallbladder
-R kidney
-part of the liver
-ascending colon
what structures are in the L flank
-descending colon
-left kidney
-part of the spleen
what structures are in the umbilical region
-umbilicus
-part of small intestine
(jejunum, duodenum, ileum)
-transverse colon
-part of R and L kidney
what structures are in the R groin region
-appendix
-cecum
-R iliac fossa
what structures are in the L groin region
-part of descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-L iliac fossa
what structures are in the pubic region
-anus
-uterus
-bladder
-part of sigmoid colon
-ovaries
-prostate
what are the 3 main function of the abdominal cavity
protection, breathing, and changes in intra-abdominal pressure
how does the abdominal cavity protect?
the thoracic wall protects the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, and part of the colon as they are under the diaphragm
How does the abdominal wall assist in breathing?
-relaxes during inspiration and accommodates the expansion of the thoracic cavity
-contracts during expiration and assists in the elevation of the diaphragm domes
During inspiration, the diaphragm will….
During expiration, the diaphragm will…
During inspiration the diaphragm will contract and bring the ribs down while the abdominal muscles relax.
During expiration the diaphragm will relax and bring the ribs up while the abdominal muscles contract.
Contraction of the abdominal wall will_____ intra-abdominal pressure.
will increase intra abdominal pressure while the diaphragm remains fixed which favors defecation, urination, child birth, and coughing.
what makes up the bony wall?
-the 5 lumbar vertebrae and 6 discs
-costal margin
-rib 12
-end of rib 11
-xiphoid process
what muscles reinforce the posterior aspect of the abdominal wall?
QL, psoas major, illiacus
what muscles reinforce the lateral aspect of the abdominal wall?
TA, internal and external oblique
what reinforces the anterior aspect of the abdominal wall?
rectus abdominis
how is the GI system suspended in the abdominal cavity?
-the GI system is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall and partially from the mesentery in the anterior abdominal wall.
-the ventral mesentery suspends proximal regions of the gut
-the dorsal mesentery runs along the entire length of the system
what is the mesentery?
is it a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the viscera to the abdominal wall
what is the parietal peritoneum?
lines the abdominal wall
