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Anatomy Exam 2 > Anterior Thigh, Leg and Dorsal Foot > Flashcards

Anterior Thigh, Leg and Dorsal Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action rule for the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

flex hip joint and extend knee joint

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2
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

the femoral nerve, which emerges lateral to psoas major

innervates muscles in this compartment and skin on the anterior medial thigh

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3
Q

What branch of the femoral nerve innervates the skin on the anteromedial aspect of the knee, leg and foot

A

the sapheneous nerve

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4
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior component of the thigh

A
  • Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)
  • Iliopsoas
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus
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5
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up quadriceps femoris?

A

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

vastus medialis

join distally to form quadriceps tendon (patella is embedded in quadriceps tendon)

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6
Q

Origin of the rectus femoris muscle?

A

AIIS

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7
Q

Where can bursitis occur in the knee?

A

in the prepatellar bursa (btwn skin and patella)

in suprapatellar bursa (deep to quadriceps tendon)

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8
Q

What are you checking when you check patellar tendon reflex?

A

the integrity of the femoral nn. and the L2-L4 spinal nerves. lack of or weak response indicates nerve damage

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9
Q

origin and insertion of iliopsoas muscles

A

iliacus- iliac fossa

psoas- lumbar vertebrae

both insert onto lesser trochanter of femur

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10
Q

Action of iliopsoas muscle

A

flex hip joint

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11
Q

Origin and insertion for sartorius

A

origin: ASIS

Insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia

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12
Q

Actions for sartorius

A

flex, abduct and laterally rotate the hip. Flex knee joint

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13
Q

Origin and insertion for pectineus?

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: proximal femur

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14
Q

Action of pectineus? innervations?

A

weakly flex hip joint, adduct hip joint

innervations: femoral n. but may also receive a branch from obturator n.

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15
Q

Rules for the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Origin: pubis
Action: adduct hip joint
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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16
Q

Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

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17
Q

What 2 muscles is the obturator nerve run between?

A

adductor longus and adductor brevis

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18
Q

Adductor magnus

A

consists of 2 parts:

  • adductor part: follows compartment rules
  • hamstrings part: origin-ischial tuberosity, action- extend hip joint, innervation: tibial nerve
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19
Q

Where does gracilis insert? What are its actions?

A

medial aspect of proximal tibia

weakly adducts hip, flex/medially rotates hip joint

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20
Q

Origin/insertion of obturator externus?

A

origin: external aspect of obturator membrane

inserts onto proximal femur

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21
Q

actions of obturator externus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilize hip joint

22
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

anterior, posterior (superficial and deep), lateral

23
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

When swelling within a compartment compromises blood flow and/or innervation to the tissues within that space

24
Q

Rules for the anterior compartment of the leg

A

action: dorsiflex ankle joint, extend toes

innervation rules: deep fibular n. (L4-S1) (from common fibular nerve)

25
Q

deep fibular nerve

A

aka peroneal nerve

innervates muscles of anterior leg compartment and dorsal foot and the skin of the dorsal foot between the hallux and the second digit

26
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis (peroneus) tertius (may be absent 8% or fused with extensor digitorum longus

27
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior muscle? action?

A

medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal

dorsiflex ankle joint and invert foot

28
Q

What are shin splints?

A

anterior tibialis sprain, caused by repeated microtrauma/overexertion of this tibialis anterior and small tears in the periosteum overlying the tibia; inflammation can cause compartment syndrome

29
Q

insertion of extensor hallucis longus? action?

A

distal phalanx of the hallux

extend hallux, weakly dorsiflex ankle joint

30
Q

insertion of extensor digitorum longus? action?

A

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

extend digits 2-5 (MTP, PIP and DIP joints), dorsiflex ankle joint

31
Q

fibularis tertius insertion? action?

A

base of 5th metatarsal

dorsiflex ankle, evert foot

32
Q

LE nerve that is most often injured?

A

common fibular nerve, vulnerable to injury because it winds around the neck of the fibula

injury to this nerve will effect: anterior compartment of the leg, dorsal foot, lateral compartment of the leg

33
Q

What is seen in a pt who has loss of dorsiflexion and toe extension?

A

drop foot, will compensate with “steppage gait” - exaggerated hip and knee flexion, may also exhibit foot slap

34
Q

What are the two muscles of the dorsal foot?

A

extensor digitorium brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

35
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsal foot?

A

deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)

36
Q

extensor digitorum brevis insertion? action?

A

extensor expansions of digits 2-4

extend digits 2-4 (MTP, PIP, DIP)

37
Q

extensor hallucis brevis insertion? action?

A

extensor expansion of the hallux

extends the hallux (MTP, IP)

38
Q

What does the obturator artery supply blood to?

A

medial and posterior compartments of the thigh

39
Q

femoral artery

A

primary source of blood to LE

continuation of the external iliac artery

directly supplies blood to the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh

40
Q

What does the femoral artery become as it passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

popliteal artery

41
Q

where can you feel the femoral pulse?

A

just inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, compression at this location will stop blood flow through the femoral artery

42
Q

What is the deep artery of the thigh a branch of? What does it supply?

A

the femoral artery (largest branch)

supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh (perforating branches also supply the medial compartment and the lateral aspect of the anterior compartment)

43
Q

Where are the lateral and medial circumflex arteries? what do they supply?

A

branches of the deep artery of the thigh

lateral supplies lateral aspect of the thigh

medial supplies most of the blood to the femoral head and neck

44
Q

Where is the anterior tibial artery? what does it supply?

A

branch off the popliteal artery, descends anterior leg with deep fibular nerve. Terminates at the ankle

supplies anterolateral leg

45
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A

major source of blood to the toes

major branches:

  • arcuate artery
  • dorsal metatarsal arteries
  • dorsal digital arteries
46
Q

superficially, where does the dorsal foot drain?

A

the dorsal venous arch
> great saphenous vein medially
> small saphenous vein laterally

47
Q

what connects the superficial to deep veins int he anterior leg?

A

perforating veins

48
Q

What does the femoral vein receive blood from? where does it drain?

A

popliteal vein, deep vein of the thigh and great saphenous vein

drains into external iliac vein

49
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A 
sartorius muscle (lateral) 
inguinal ligament (superior) 
adductor longus (medial)
50
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

NAVEL (lateral to medial)

nerve 
artery 
vein 
empty space 
lymph

femoral sheath holds everything except the femoral nerve

51
Q

femoral canal

A

medial compartment of the femoral triangle

contains loose connective tissue, fat, lymphatic vessels and deep inguinal lymph nodes

function is to allow expansive of the femoral vein when there is increased venous return

52
Q

femoral hernia

A

proximal opening of the femoral canal is called the femoral ring (area of weakness) normally enclosed by fatty tissue and parietal peritoneum

abdominal viscera can protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal, forming a hernia

femoral hernia lies in the femoral triangle, medial to femoral vein and inferior to the inguinal ligament

occurs more often in females

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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