Anterior and middle mediastinum

Question 1

what divides the superior and inferior mediastinum

Answer 1

imaginary line between sternal angle through the IV disc between T4-5
known as transverse thoracic plane

Question 2

boundaries of anterior mediastinum

Answer 2

anterior - body of sternum
posterior - fibrous pericardium
superior - transverse thoracic plane
inferior - diaphragm

Question 3

contents of anterior mediastinum

Answer 3

loose CT, fat and lymphatics

Question 4

middle mediastinum bounded by

Answer 4

pericardial sac

Question 5

layers of pericardium, starting superficially

Answer 5

fibrous pericardium
parietal serous
pericardial cavity
visceral serous (epicardium)
myocardium
endocardium

Question 6

name the two pericardial sinuses

Answer 6

transverse and oblique

Question 7

describe the borders of the heart

Answer 7

right border - RA
inferior border - RV
apex - LV
left border - LV + left auricle
superior border - LA + RA + auricles
posterior - LA

Question 8

what is the ligamentum arteriosum a remnant of

Answer 8

ductus arteriosus

Question 9

name the branches of the RCA

Answer 9

SA nodal
right marginal
posterior interventricular
AV nodal

Question 10

name the branches of the LCA

Answer 10

anterior interventricular
circumflex –> left marginal

Question 11

what is supplied by the RCA

Answer 11

RA
RV
SA and AV nodes
posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum via posterior interventricular artery

Question 12

what is supplied by the LCA

Answer 12

LA
LV
anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum via anterior interventricular artery
AV bundle

Question 13

give the exception in cardiac venous drainage

Answer 13

anterior cardiac veins drain directly into RA

Question 14

where is the coronary sinus located

Answer 14

posterior surface, between LA and LV

Question 15

location of great cardiac vein

Answer 15

in anterior interventricular groove

Question 16

what are the muscular ridges of the RA

Answer 16

musculi pectinati

Question 17

what is the smooth area of the RA called

Answer 17

sinus venarum

Question 18

name the ridge seperating the two areas of the RA

Answer 18

crista terminalis

Question 19

what is the fossa ovalis

Answer 19

a small depression on the wall between the RA and LA
remnant of foramen ovale

Question 20

where does the coronary sinus drain to

Answer 20

right atrium

Question 21

which valve does blood flow through from RA to RV

Answer 21

tricuspid - found in atrioventricular canal

Question 22

chordae tendinae function

Answer 22

anchor tricuspid valve at papillary muscles

Question 23

structure only found in RV

Answer 23

moderator band - part of conducting system

Question 24

muscular ridges of RV

Answer 24

trabeculae carnea

Question 25

are musculi pectinae found in the LA

Answer 25

no, but are found in left auricle

Question 26

valve between LA and LV

Answer 26

mitral/bicuspid

Question 27

how many pulmonary veins are there

Answer 27

4

Question 28

how do semilunar valves work

Answer 28

open in response to high pressure

Question 29

when are cuspid valves open

Answer 29

when ventricles are relaxed

Question 30

location of SA node - precise

Answer 30

RA - upper crista terminalis

Question 31

location of AV node

Answer 31

lower part of interartrial septum

Question 32

sympathetic supply to heart

Answer 32

T1-5/6 spinal levels to cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain)