Anterior and middle mediastinum Flashcards
what divides the superior and inferior mediastinum
imaginary line between sternal angle through the IV disc between T4-5
known as transverse thoracic plane
boundaries of anterior mediastinum
anterior - body of sternum
posterior - fibrous pericardium
superior - transverse thoracic plane
inferior - diaphragm
contents of anterior mediastinum
loose CT, fat and lymphatics
middle mediastinum bounded by
pericardial sac
layers of pericardium, starting superficially
fibrous pericardium
parietal serous
pericardial cavity
visceral serous (epicardium)
myocardium
endocardium
name the two pericardial sinuses
transverse and oblique
describe the borders of the heart
right border - RA
inferior border - RV
apex - LV
left border - LV + left auricle
superior border - LA + RA + auricles
posterior - LA
what is the ligamentum arteriosum a remnant of
ductus arteriosus
name the branches of the RCA
SA nodal
right marginal
posterior interventricular
AV nodal
name the branches of the LCA
anterior interventricular
circumflex –> left marginal
what is supplied by the RCA
RA
RV
SA and AV nodes
posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum via posterior interventricular artery
what is supplied by the LCA
LA
LV
anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum via anterior interventricular artery
AV bundle
give the exception in cardiac venous drainage
anterior cardiac veins drain directly into RA
where is the coronary sinus located
posterior surface, between LA and LV
location of great cardiac vein
in anterior interventricular groove
what are the muscular ridges of the RA
musculi pectinati
what is the smooth area of the RA called
sinus venarum
name the ridge seperating the two areas of the RA
crista terminalis
what is the fossa ovalis
a small depression on the wall between the RA and LA
remnant of foramen ovale
where does the coronary sinus drain to
right atrium
which valve does blood flow through from RA to RV
tricuspid - found in atrioventricular canal
chordae tendinae function
anchor tricuspid valve at papillary muscles
structure only found in RV
moderator band - part of conducting system
muscular ridges of RV
trabeculae carnea
are musculi pectinae found in the LA
no, but are found in left auricle
valve between LA and LV
mitral/bicuspid
how many pulmonary veins are there
4
how do semilunar valves work
open in response to high pressure
when are cuspid valves open
when ventricles are relaxed
location of SA node - precise
RA - upper crista terminalis
location of AV node
lower part of interartrial septum
sympathetic supply to heart
T1-5/6 spinal levels to cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain)
