Antepartum 1

Question 1

supplies the highest levels of oxygen and nutrients to the head, neck, and arms which enhances the cephalocaudal (head-to-rump) development of the embryo/fetus is called what?

Answer 1

fetal circulation

Question 2

What is the surfactant L/S ratio?

Answer 2

• We want 2:1 lung maturity, that means that if the baby was born, they would be able to breathe on their own
• Lung movement= 11 weeks
• Lungs fully mature= 34 weeks

Question 3

Languao is

Answer 3

Soft fine hair that covers the fetus
Protects them and keep them warm

Question 4

An Agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo is called?

Answer 4

Teratogens

Question 5

Describe Vernix Caseosa

Answer 5

• white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy
• coating on the neonatal skin protects the newborn skin and facilitates extra-uterine adaptation of skin in the first postnatal week if not washed away after birth

Question 6

Major fetal developmental milestones of 3-5 weeks?

Answer 6

3 weeks- heart starts beating and blood circulates
-Why is it so important for rbc’s to develop so early in gestation? To carry oxygen

4 weeks- 2 chamber forms a 4-chamber heart
-respiratory system begins

5 weeks- umbilical cord developed

Question 7

Major fetal developmental milestones of 8-12 weeks?

Answer 7

8 weeks- Gender is distinguished (it is decided at conception though)
-Heart is fully developed

9 weeks- fingers, toes, eyelids, nose, and jaw evident; rbc are developing

12 weeks- placenta complete, organ systems complete, thumb sucking, fetus urinates in the amniotic fluid (11 wks)
-spleen takes over for rbc development, intestine come from umbilical cord
-Lung movement can be seen(11 wks)

Question 8

Major fetal developmental milestones of 16-24 weeks?

Answer 8

16 weeks- meconium in bowel
-baby movement can be detected (17 wks)

20 weeks-hearing developing, quickening (mom feels movement)
-Lanugo covers the body (soft, fine hair covering a fetus while inside the uterus)
- wake/sleep cycle evident

24 weeks- Circulation visible, rapid brain growth, hiccups
-Vernix caseosa (yellow barrier covering the skin of baby) is thick
-Lecithin (L) present

Question 9

Major fetal developmental milestones of 28-40 weeks?

Answer 9

28 weeks- Eyes open and close, process sights and sounds, taste buds developing, hair on the head

32 weeks- Fingernails, toenails, and fingerprints present
-Subcutaneous fat develops, vigorous fetal movement
-L/S ratio= 1.2: 1 (lung maturity= 2:1)

36 weeks - Lanugo (hairs) disappearing, amniotic fluid decreases
-L/S ratio > 2:1

40 weeks- Fetal development complete

Question 10

Identify teratogenic effects on each stage of fetal development

Answer 10

Pg.5 fetal development slide show picture

Question 11

Describe structure & function of the placenta

Answer 11

does the work of the liver

Question 12

Describe structure & function of the umbilical cord

Answer 12

2 arteries carry deoxygenated blood, 1 vein carries oxygenated blood

Question 13

Describe structure & function of the amniotic fluid

Answer 13

o Protects and nourishes the fetus

Question 14

Describe structure & function of the ductus venous

Answer 14

shunts around the liver, placenta does the work of the liver for fetus

Question 15

Describe structure & function of the foreman ovale

Answer 15

o right to left shunt, blood transfers from right atrium to left atrium

Question 16

Describe structure & function of the ductus arterious

Answer 16

o shunts around the lungs, just enough to keep the lungs viable
o fetal lungs do not function for respiratory gas exchange, so the Ductus Arteriosus creates a circulatory pathway bypassing the lung.

Question 17

Describe structure & function of the ovum

Answer 17

o conception to day 14, encompasses cellular replication à zygote to blastocyst formation and differentiation into the three PRIMARY GERM LAYERS of CELLS.

Question 18

Describe structure & function of the ectoderm

Answer 18

o trophoblast (outer layer) develops into the placenta, integument, neural tissue and glands

Question 19

Describe structure & function of the mesoderm

Answer 19

o forms muscles, bones, connective tissue, circulatory system, and genitourinary system

Question 20

Describe structure & function of the endoderm

Answer 20

o digestive, respiratory, and parts of the GU system

Question 21

Describe the Embryo

Answer 21

• day 15 to 8 weeks, organs are forming= greatest vulnerability
  o THE MOST CRITICAL TIME IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS AND THE EXTERNAL FEATURES (Lowdermilk p. 269). You will want to know this chart.
  o Developing areas with rapid cell division are most vulnerable to malformation by environmental teratogens.
  o Teratogen – Environmental substances or exposures that result in functional or structural disability, cause abnormal development
  o Time exposure occurs is an important factor

Question 22

Describe the fetus

Answer 22

8 weeks to birth