Antepartum 1 Flashcards
supplies the highest levels of oxygen and nutrients to the head, neck, and arms which enhances the cephalocaudal (head-to-rump) development of the embryo/fetus is called what?
fetal circulation
What is the surfactant L/S ratio?
- We want 2:1 lung maturity, that means that if the baby was born, they would be able to breathe on their own
- Lung movement= 11 weeks
- Lungs fully mature= 34 weeks
Languao is
Soft fine hair that covers the fetus
Protects them and keep them warm
An Agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo is called?
Teratogens
Describe Vernix Caseosa
- white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy
- coating on the neonatal skin protects the newborn skin and facilitates extra-uterine adaptation of skin in the first postnatal week if not washed away after birth
Major fetal developmental milestones of 3-5 weeks?
3 weeks- heart starts beating and blood circulates
-Why is it so important for rbc’s to develop so early in gestation? To carry oxygen
4 weeks- 2 chamber forms a 4-chamber heart
-respiratory system begins
5 weeks- umbilical cord developed
Major fetal developmental milestones of 8-12 weeks?
8 weeks- Gender is distinguished (it is decided at conception though)
-Heart is fully developed
9 weeks- fingers, toes, eyelids, nose, and jaw evident; rbc are developing
12 weeks- placenta complete, organ systems complete, thumb sucking, fetus urinates in the amniotic fluid (11 wks)
-spleen takes over for rbc development, intestine come from umbilical cord
-Lung movement can be seen(11 wks)
Major fetal developmental milestones of 16-24 weeks?
16 weeks- meconium in bowel
-baby movement can be detected (17 wks)
20 weeks-hearing developing, quickening (mom feels movement)
-Lanugo covers the body (soft, fine hair covering a fetus while inside the uterus)
- wake/sleep cycle evident
24 weeks- Circulation visible, rapid brain growth, hiccups
-Vernix caseosa (yellow barrier covering the skin of baby) is thick
-Lecithin (L) present
Major fetal developmental milestones of 28-40 weeks?
28 weeks- Eyes open and close, process sights and sounds, taste buds developing, hair on the head
32 weeks- Fingernails, toenails, and fingerprints present
-Subcutaneous fat develops, vigorous fetal movement
-L/S ratio= 1.2: 1 (lung maturity= 2:1)
36 weeks - Lanugo (hairs) disappearing, amniotic fluid decreases
-L/S ratio > 2:1
40 weeks- Fetal development complete
Identify teratogenic effects on each stage of fetal development
Pg.5 fetal development slide show picture
Describe structure & function of the placenta
does the work of the liver
Describe structure & function of the umbilical cord
2 arteries carry deoxygenated blood, 1 vein carries oxygenated blood
Describe structure & function of the amniotic fluid
o Protects and nourishes the fetus
Describe structure & function of the ductus venous
shunts around the liver, placenta does the work of the liver for fetus
Describe structure & function of the foreman ovale
o right to left shunt, blood transfers from right atrium to left atrium
Describe structure & function of the ductus arterious
o shunts around the lungs, just enough to keep the lungs viable
o fetal lungs do not function for respiratory gas exchange, so the Ductus Arteriosus creates a circulatory pathway bypassing the lung.
Describe structure & function of the ovum
o conception to day 14, encompasses cellular replication à zygote to blastocyst formation and differentiation into the three PRIMARY GERM LAYERS of CELLS.
Describe structure & function of the ectoderm
o trophoblast (outer layer) develops into the placenta, integument, neural tissue and glands
Describe structure & function of the mesoderm
o forms muscles, bones, connective tissue, circulatory system, and genitourinary system
Describe structure & function of the endoderm
o digestive, respiratory, and parts of the GU system
Describe the Embryo
- day 15 to 8 weeks, organs are forming= greatest vulnerability
o THE MOST CRITICAL TIME IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS AND THE EXTERNAL FEATURES (Lowdermilk p. 269). You will want to know this chart.
o Developing areas with rapid cell division are most vulnerable to malformation by environmental teratogens.
o Teratogen – Environmental substances or exposures that result in functional or structural disability, cause abnormal development
o Time exposure occurs is an important factor
Describe the fetus
8 weeks to birth
