Anemia in Pregnancy Flashcards
what deficiency has a Total Iron requirement for a pregnancy is1000 mg. Diet rarely meets pregnancy needs
Iron Deficiency
2nd and 3rd trimesters:
Hgb - < 11 mg/DL
Hct - < 33
What is sickle cell disease?
autosomal recessive disorder. The defect causes erythrocytes to assume an S shape. They tend to clump together and occlude small bv’s. The disease is characterized by chronic anemia, susceptibility to infection, and recurring episodes of sickle cell crisis.
Essential for formation of rbc’s, cell duplication and placental and fetal growth. Maternal needs 2X during pregnancy r/t need for more erythrocytes, plus placental and fetal growth.. Caused by nutritional deficiencies (folate), hemolytic anemias, mal-absorption, and specific medications. What is the deficiency called?
Folic Acid Deficiency
What are the maternal symptoms of sickle cell
Pregnancy may precipitate sickle crisis. Sickle crisis associated with:
(1) jaundice r/t decreased bone marrow function and massive erythrocyte destruction
(2) pain r/t major infarcts in joints and all major organs.
what deficiency has Neural tube defects
Folic acid deficiency
what is the therapeutic management of of iron deficiency in pregnant women
Elemental iron 200 mg; at least 3 months after correction of anemia.
Adult Female: 15 mg
Pregnancy: 30 mg
Parenteral: Z track method of injection
Absorption decreased with milk, tea, and coffee
Absorption increased in presence of Vit C; melon, strawberries (any food high in C).
What are the fetal effects of sickle cell?
Prematurity
IUGR -not growing at the rate its supposed to
Fetal death during a sickle crisis
how much folate supplements should a female/pregnant women should take?
Folate supplement
Adult Female: 180ug
Pregnancy: 400 ug
Lactation: 280 ug
Dietary
What deficiency receives adequate iron at cost to mother. In presence of severe maternal anemia, reduced hemoglobin and O2 compromised baby.
Iron
Presence of megaloblasts (large, immature erythrocytes)
Increased risk of spontaneous abortion, abruptio placentae, and fetal anomalies
Are what type of deficiency?
Folic acid
What should be the therapeutic management of sickle cell disease?
Adequate hydration
Adequate nutrition
Folate supplement
Rest periods
Prompt tx of illness/infection.
What are the s/s of iron deficiency
Pallor
Fatigue
Lethargy
HA
Pica for various substances
Microcytic, hypochromic rbc’s
How is toxoplasmosis transmitted?
- Raw meat,
- Infected animal (cat) feces
- Transplacental
What are the maternal effects of Varicella Zoster
Preterm labor, encephalitis, and varicella pneumonia.
Deafness, MR, IUGR, cardiac defects and microcephaly are all fetal/neonatal effects of?
Rubella
How should a patient manage Cytomegalovirus
No effective tx. Therapeutic ab considered if a primary infection occurs in 1st 20 weeks of pregnancy.
- Influenza-like aching
- Lymphadenopathy
- Spontaneous abortion
are maternal effects of Toxoplasmosis
What are fetal/neonatal effects of Varicella Zoster
Congenital varicella syndrome c limb hypoplasia, cataracts, microcephaly, and symetric IUGR during 1st trimester.