Antenatal/Perinatal Infections Flashcards
Rubella:
Pathogen
Presentation:
- Type of rash
- Where does it start before spreading?
- Where may swelling be?
Fetal complications if infected in the first trimester?
(Infections later are less damaging)
What can be offered if there is a high risk of complications to the fetus?
Rubella virus
Macular rash
Begins in the face before spreading
Lymphadenopathy - postauricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy
Small joint arthritis
Fetal malformations
Deafness
Blindness
TOP
CMV:
What does it stand for?
What tests are done to identify this virus, as well as others?
CMV-related congenital defects? - 4
Longer-term problems in the child?
How may fetal transmission be tested for? (invasive)
Cytomegalovirus
Antibody test
IUGR
Microcephaly
Hepatosplenomegaly
Thrombocytopenia
Motor and cognitive impairment
Amniocentesis
Toxoplasmosis:
Why is this so important in pregnancy?
2 signs?
How is it diagnosed?
Prevention:
- How is it usually contracted?
It has a high chance of being transferred from mother to baby. The later the spread, the fewer complications though.
Fever and rash
IgG and IgM tests - lab
Avoid eating raw meat, wash hands if raw meat touched
Wear gloves while gardening or handling cat litter
Parvovirus B19:
The women usually don’t get any symptoms but what could they have?
How is it diagnosed?
If a woman is immunocompromised, she could develop sudden haemolysis. What would she need to counteract this?
The foetus can become anaemic. How could this present? - 2
What type of imaging is used to look for this?
What can be done to correct anaemia, in utero?
‘Slapped cheek’ rash
Maculopapular rash
Fever
IgG and IgM tests - lab
Blood transfusion
Cardiac failure
Fetal hydrops
Serial US
In utero red cell transfusion
Syphilis:
A 1/3 of babies will be born stillborn if they have syphilis. What antibiotic prescribed for 10 days?
Benzylpenicillin
Listeria:
How do they usually get infected?
What should you make sure you do in a pregnant woman with unexplained fever? - think sepsis
Eating infected food - milk, soft cheeses, pate
Blood culture + serology
Hepatitis B:
What is done to make sure it is found before it becomes dangerous?
What could happen to the liver, later on in the life of a MALE neonate that is infected?
What will most neonates develop in the liver?
What is done for the babies at birth in infected or carrying mothers?
Screening - it is screened at booking
Hepatocellular cancer
Cirrhosis
Immunisation + Immunoglobulins IM
Herpes simplex (HSV):
Why is a secondary infection not harmful?
What clinic should they be referred to?
A mother who delivers vaginally with primary lesions has a high risk of infecting the infant. What is given to both mother and baby?
Due to maternal antibodies
Genitourinary clinic
Aciclovir - high dose
Varicella-Zoster (Chickenpox):
VZIG is given to babies after birth to prevent chickenpox. What does it stand for?
What is used to treat it if it develops?
Varicella Zoster Immunoglobulins
Aciclovir
GBS:
What does it stand for?
Where is it usually found and how is it usually found?
How does it present in the neonate?
What is given during labour if GBS is suspected or confirmed?
Group B Streptococcus
Vagina - High vaginal swab + Urine culture
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Septicaemia
IV antibiotics - Penicillin or Benzylpenicillin - FOLLOW GUIDELINES
