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👩🏻‍🔬 Neuroscience > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS is divided into two parts

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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2
Q
  • prepare the body for emergency by increasing heart rate, constricting peripheral blood vessels, increasing blood supply to muscles, and increasing blood pressure
  • redistributes blood to organs that need high performance in emergency situations
A

sympathetic system

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3
Q

sympathetic system originate in the lateral gray columns of the spinal cord

A

Efferent fibers

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4
Q

leave the cord in the anterior root and pass via the white rami communicantes to the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

A

Myelinated axons

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5
Q

Once these presynaptic fibers reach the sympathetic trunks, they are distributed as follows:

A
  • Synapse with a postsynaptic sympathetic neuron in the ganglion
  • Travel superiorly or inferiorly to synapse at
    a different level of the sympathetic trunk. For instance, T1 fibers must travel superiorly to the superior cervical ganglion
  • Pass through the ganglia without synapsing, as the greater, lesser, or least splanchnic nerve, to synapse in a prevertebral sympathetic ganglion
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6
Q

from the viscera travels through the sympathetic ganglia without synapsing and ascends to higher centers

A

Afferent information

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7
Q
  • conserve and restore energy
  • heart rate
    is slowed, pupils are constricted, peristalsis and glandular activity is increased, and the bladder walls are contracted
A

parasympathetic system

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8
Q

Efferent fibers of the parasympathetic system originate in the parasympathetic nuclei of cranial nerves ___ and the sacral spinal cord segments ___

A

III, VII, IX, and X; S2-S4

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9
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerves 11, VII, and IX synapse in the parasympathetic ganglia of the head—specifically—___

A

ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine, and submandibular

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10
Q

from viscera travel with the cranial nerves and the pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

afferent fibers

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11
Q

has long postganglionic fibers

A

sympathetic system

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12
Q

has short fibers

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

The preganglionic fibers in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are ___, meaning they synthesize and release ACh at the synapse

A

cholinergic

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14
Q

The postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic are also ___

A

cholinergic

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15
Q

Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release ___

A

norepinephrine

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16
Q

fibers to sweat glands and blood vessels are ___

A

cholinergic

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17
Q

The skin of the upper eyelid receives sympathetic innervation from the ___

A

superior cervical ganglion

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18
Q

The pupil of the iris is constricted by parasympathetic from ___ and dilated by sympathetic fibers from the ___

A

cranial nerve Ill; superior cervical ganglion

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19
Q

receives parasympathetic fibers from cranial nerve VII and sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

A

lacrimal gland

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20
Q

receive parasympathetic innervation from cranial nerve VII and sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

A

submandibular & sublingual glands

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21
Q

receives parasympathetic fibers from cranial nerve IX and sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

A

parotid gland

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22
Q

receives parasympathetic innervation from cranial nerve X and sympathetic fibers from the greater and
lesser splanchnic nerves

A

gastrointestinal tract

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23
Q

receive parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnic nerves and sympathetic fibers from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

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24
Q

made up of the submucous plexus of Meissner and the myenteric plexus of Auerbach

A

enteric nervous system

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25
Q

indicates that the accommodation reflex for near vision is normal but that the light reflex is lost

A

Argyll Robertson pupil

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26
Q

Pain arising in the gastrointestinal tract is referred
to the ___

A

midline

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27
Q

The patient has vasodilation of the facial skin arterioles

A

Horner syndrome

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28
Q

restricted to the T1—L2 segments of the spinal cord

A

sympathetic outflow

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29
Q

Norepinephrine is secreted at the endings of the

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

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30
Q

The parasympathetic innervation controlling the parotid salivary gland arises from the

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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31
Q

Effects are local and discrete due to preganglionic neurons synapsing with few postganglionic neurons

A

parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system

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32
Q

Anticholinesterase drugs act at synapses by

A

blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine

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33
Q

blocks the action of acetylcholine on effector sites in the parasympathetic system

A

Atropine

34
Q

The parasympathetic outflow in the spinal cord occurs at levels

A

S2—S4

35
Q

The afferent fibers from the bladder reach the spinal cord at the first and second lumbar segments and the second, third, and fourth sacral segments

A

autonomic innervation of the urinary bladder

36
Q

The sympathetic nerves cause cardiac acceleration and increased force of contraction of the heart

A

autonomic innervation of the heart

37
Q

Submandibular gland & Sublingual gland

A

Submandibular ganglion

38
Q

Lacrimal gland & nasal glands

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

39
Q

Parotid gland

A

Otic ganglion

40
Q

superior cervical ganglion

A

Levator palpebrae superioris (smooth muscle only)

41
Q

Ciliary ganglion

A

Constrictor pupillae

42
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

A

Descending colon

43
Q

Superior mesenteric ganglion

A

Vermiform appendiX

44
Q

Facial nerve

A

Lacrimatory nucleus

45
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

Edinger—Westphal nucleus

46
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

lnferior salivatory nucleus

47
Q

The nerve cells and the nerve fibers in the enteric nervous system are surrounded by neuroglialike cells that closely resemble ___

A

astrocytes

48
Q

___ of the autonomic system contains both afferent and efferent nerve fibers

A

parasympathetic part

49
Q

concerned with the light reflex

A

pretectal nucleus

50
Q

found in the thoracic and first and second lumbar parts of the sympathetic trunk

A

White rami communicantes

51
Q

___ contain postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

Gray rami communicantes

52
Q

formed of myelinated axons

A

greater splanchnic nerves

53
Q

___ arise from the 10th and 11th ganglia of the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunks

A

lesser splanchnic nerves

54
Q

has great control over the ANS

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

influence the ANS

A

cerebral cortex

56
Q

decreased or absent light reflex and a slow or delayed pupillary contraction to near vision and a slow or delayed dilatation in the dark

A

adie tonic pupil syndrome

57
Q

skin areas that are innervated by the same segment of the spinal cord as the painful viscus

A

visceral pain

58
Q

of the bladder brings about contraction of the bladder wall muscle and relaxation of the sphincter vesicae

A

parasympathetic innervation

59
Q

of the bladder in the male causes contraction of the sphincter vesicae and prevents the reflux of semen into the bladder during ejaculation

A

sympathetic innervation

60
Q

made to contract voluntarily by the internal pudendal nerve

A

sphincter urethrae

61
Q

innervate the blood vessels supplying the bladder wall.

A

sympathetic nerves

62
Q

The parasympathetic part of the autonomic system brings about ___ of the coronary arteries

A

constriction

63
Q

They are located in the intermediolateral cell column of
the thoracolumbar spinal cord at T1–L2

A

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

64
Q

innervate all regions of the heart

A

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

65
Q

Stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation of the
constrictor pupillae muscles of the iris causes ___

A

miosis

66
Q

A 50-year-old woman was diagnosed as having Raynaud’s disease. Which one of the following statements regarding this disease is correct?

A

periodic cyanosis of digits

67
Q

A 65-year-oldman who has Alzheimer’s disease was prescribed donepezil (Aricept) in an attempt to improve his memory. Which one of the following is the most likely side effect of the drug?

A

Abdominal cramping and diarrhea

68
Q

called the thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic division

69
Q
  • located in the IML at sacral level S2–S4
  • located in the brainstem
A

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

70
Q

craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system

A

parasympathetic division

71
Q

provided by the vagus and is restricted to the sinoatrial (SA) node, atria, and atrioventricular (AV) node

A

parasympathetic innervation

72
Q

Activation of the ___ decreases automaticity in the SA node cells and, hence, decreases heart rat

A

parasympathetic nervous system

73
Q

Activation of the ___ increases conduction through the AV node

A

sympathetic nervous system

74
Q

decreases conduction through the AV node

A

parasympathetic nervous system

75
Q

causes an increase in the heart rate and contractility

A

sympathetic stimulation

76
Q

Stimulation of the ___ causes an increase in the motility of the gastrointestinal tract

A

parasympathetic nervous system

77
Q
  • The cause of ___ is not known
  • cold or emotional stress precipitates vasoconstriction in the digits of the limbs; they appear cyanosed
A

Raynaud’s disease

78
Q

used to treat this vascular disorder (raynaud’s disease)

A

Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers

79
Q

Therefore, treatment with ___ will relieve, not exaggerate, the symptoms

A

alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers

80
Q

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is prescribed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A

donepezil

👩🏻‍🔬 Neuroscience (11 decks)

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