Anomalies Flashcards
intrinsic vs extrinsic vs congenital?
common examples?
intrinsic= hereditary, genetic (missing tooth, peg lateral) extrinsic= physical/chemical trauma, nutrition (flourosis) congenital= before birth, intrinsic or extrinsic causes (syfolis)
adontia is? hypodontia? oliogodontia?
adnodontia= missing ALL teeth; rare and congenital hypodontia= missing one or more oligodontia= missing 6 or more
commonly missing adult teeth?
3rd molars (especialy maxillary)
2nd mandibular PM
maxillary lateral incisors
(sometimes primary mandibular incisor and permanent mandibular central incisor)
supernumerary or accessory teeth?
Determined in what stage?
mesidens or distodens
genetic (BUD STAGE)
mesiodens vs distodens
BOTH accessory teeth
mesiodens= maxillary midline
distodens= posterior third molar
is a impacted tooth considered missing?
No
two types of abnormal sized teeth?
morphodifferentition disturbance; single or few teeth, changes size of teeth
1) macrodontia
2) microdontia
what is true macrodontia? false?
true= gigantism false= incisors, canines, and mandibular 3rd molars
what is true microdontia? false?
true= dwarfism false= maxillary lateral incisors (peg laterals) and maxillary 3rd molars
what stages are disturbed to get abnormal crown and root shape?
disturbances of morphodifferentiation and appositional stages during the bell stage
taurodontism
affects molars and premolars
crown greater proportion of tooth
No distinct root or CEJ
long pulp chamber and tiny roots/canals
dilaceration
nonlinear tooth form where BOTH crown and root are affected; caused by trauma/pressure or just exists
flexion
nonlinear form of ROOT ONLY with sharp bends; caused by trauma/pressure
gemination
- incomplete splitting of a ONE tooth bud
* twinning is complete separation - will have a notch or groove as indication on crown
- wide mesialdistal dimension
- incisor most common
fusion
union of TWO tooth buds
- ***SEPARATE PULP CHAMBERS (and typically two roots)
- combined BOTH enamel and dentin
- large mesiodistal deminsion
- can occur anywhere but common in anterio
concrescence
union of the root cementum ONLY, occurs after tooth eruption
segmented root
break in dentinogenesis, possible cause of root death
dwarfed root?
Most common tooth?
- small roots
- max incisor most common
- curved crowns, but doesn’t mean it is smaller
- hereditary but can occur due to orthodontic
hypercementosis
excessive cememtum buildup due to trauma, pulpal inflammation and metabolic causes
*mostly on molars, crown looks normal (only affects root)
talon cusps
an accessory cusp typically found on incisors, heredity
accessory cusps
entire extra cusps found on molars (tuberulum intermesium) or incisors (talon cusps)
- morphodifferentiation
- hereditary
extra roots typically found on what teeth?
commonly split what direction?
- 3rd molars
- max first PM
- Man anterior teeth (possible two roots)
- *trauma, pressure, metabolic reasons
- *split faciolingual (MD rare)
commonly missing cusps?
lingual cusp on mandibular 1st PM (looks like another canine)
distolingual cusp on max 2nd molar
distal cusp on mand 1st molar
enamel pearls?
What stage?
spherical nodules of enamel that form on the cementum near the CEJ
- apposition stage
- typically on molars
- prone to periodontal disease
hutchinsons incisors?
What stage?
hypoplastic defect from prenatal/congenital syphilis
- morpho stage
- deep incisal notch on permanent incisors
- **within normal mesiodistal dimension*
mulberry molar
hypoplastic defect from prenatal syphilis on first molars (mand more common)
*morpho stage
dens in denta
a tooth within a tooth! caused by a reversed enamel and dentin concavity formation creating two pulp chambers
**Max lateral incisors
odontoma? two types?
benign tumor
calcified dentin tissue caused by trauma or infection
1) complex
2) compound
complex vs compound odontoma?
1) complex= DOESN’T look like tooth; no definite dental form
2) compound= looks like teeth; recognizable dental form
enamel dysplasia examples
ameolgenesis imperfecta
flouosis
enamel damage from high fever
focal hypermaturation
dentin dysplasia examples
dentinogenesis imperfecta
tetracycline stain
what is enamel dysplasia?
local, systemic or hereditary causes
bands, ridges, pits
discolored appearance
enamel hypoplasia vs enamel hypocalcification
hypoplasia= not enough enamel hypocalcification= poorly calcified, not mature
amelogenesis imperfecta
hereditary disease of enamel dysplasia
- absence of immature enamel
- rough tooth surfaces
- prone to rampant dental caries (all over the mouth, entire crown)
dental fluorosis
enamel dysplasia example
- enamal calcification stage
- hypocalcification from high levels of dietary fluoride while young creating white to brown bands
- resistant to carries
focal hypermaturation
enamel dysplasia example
- white chalky opaque appearance
- prone to dental caries
turners teeth
local etiologic factors or trauma/infection
*typically localized to 1 tooth (anterior and labioversion teeth)
what is dentinal dysplasia?
dentin matrix formation and calcification
- histodifferentiation and apposition
1) tetracycline staining
2) dentinogensis imperfecta
tatracycline staining
**dentinal dysplasia
effect relative to antibiotic use
yellow, gray, pruple color
dentinogensis imperfecta
**dentinal dysplasia hereditary weak dentin structure, enamel unsupported opalescent dentin (blue-brown color) ***NO PULP CHAMBER (dentin fills it)
attrition
due to tooth to tooth grinding (bruxism)
abrasion
due to mechanical wearing away (rubbing together)
abfraction
due to heavy occlusion with enamel chipping off at cervical
erosion
due to tooth destruction from acids (lemons or stomach acid)
pulp chambers are almost at the same level as?
CEJ
is dentin or enamel more easy for abrasion to occur?
dentin
diseases for abnormal root morphology?
- dilaceration or flexion
- dens in dente
- concrescence
- dwarfed roots
-hhypercementosis - accessory (extra) roots
abnormal crown morphologies?
-3rd molars
-peg shaped max lateral incisors
-gemination (twinning)
fusion
-hutchinson’s (congenital syphilis)
-# of lingual cusps
accessory cusps, tubercles, ridges
variation in tooth size
shovel-shaped incisors
5 stages of physiological processes?
1) initiation
- D.L. and bud stage
- existance of teeth
2) proliferation
- bud, cap, bell stage
- general shape and size of teeth
3) histodifferentiation
- late cap and bell stage
- dentin and enamel forming cells
4) morphodifferentiation
- bud, cap, bell stages
- shape and size of the teeth determined
- enamel and dentin not effected
5) apposition
- bell, cap and root stage
- enamel and dentin formation
4 stages of tooth development
1) dental lamina and bud stage
- epithelial thickening
- dental lamina
- enamel organ
2) cap stage
- inner and outer epithelium
3) bell stage
- tooth form identified
- dentinoenamel junction
- enamel and dentin formation
4) root development
- cementoenamel junction formation CEJ
- dentin and cementum formation
