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Movement Science > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

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1
Q

Rearfoot (hindfoot)

A

-talus
-calcaneus

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2
Q

Midfoot

A

-navicular
-cuboid
-cuneiform

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3
Q

Forefoot

A

-metatarsals
-phalanges

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4
Q

Foot Motions

A

Talocrual: DF/PF
Subtalar: INV/EV and ABD/ADD
Toes: flx/ext

Pronation: DF/EV/abd
Supination: PF/IV/add

Hindfoot: Calcaneovalgus/Calcaneovarus

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5
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

A

-head of fib and posterolateal tib
-convex tiba and concave fibula
-functionally ankle, anatomically knee
-hypermobility can lead to common fib injury
-inv trauma can lock proximal

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6
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

A

-syndesmosis union
-ligaments only, no capsule
-injury at syndesmosis can lead to widening of mortise and instability at talocrual

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7
Q

Mortise

A

-talus in socket of distal tibiofibular joint

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8
Q

Talocrural Joint

A

-synovial hinge joint
-distal fib/tib on body on talus
-inclined lat 14deg, post 23deg, toe out 20deg

Proximal: Mortise= concave tibia + malleoi

Distal: talus on trochlear surface

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9
Q

Medial Collateral LIg

A

-deltoid lig
-fan shaped at navicular, talus, and calcaneus
-strong, not injured often (EV injury)

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10
Q

Lateral Collateral Lig

A

-anterior and posterior talofibular lig
-calcaneofibular lig
-limits inv
-weaker, commonly injured

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11
Q

Dorsiflexion at Talocrural J

A

Head of talus rolls dorsally and body of talus glides plantarly
-medial rotation
-20deg
-Closed packed, limited by gastroc/soleus

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12
Q

Plantarflexion at Talocrural J

A

Head of talus and body move oppositely, head rolls plantarly and body of talus glides dorsally
-lateral rotation
-50deg
-small amounts of ABD/ADD or EV/INV
-Loose packed, limited by ant tibialis

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13
Q

Talus Shape

A

-wider distally than proximally
-lateral facet is larger than medially

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14
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

-Talus and calcaneus
-alternating convex/convave improves stability
-42deg dorsally, 16deg medially

Proximal: concave talus on convex calcaneus, largest facet

Distal and Medial: convex facet on inferior body and neck of talus on concave facets on calcaneus

Distalmedial <> Proximallateral for mobilizations
-non communicating joint cavities

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15
Q

Tarsal Canal

A

-sinus tarsi: lateral
-Sustentaculum tali: medial

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16
Q

Subtalar Ligs

A

-Calcaneuofibular Lig
-ant/post Talofibular ligs
-interoosseous lig
-cervical lig (strongest)
-deltoid lig

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17
Q

Subtalar Motion

A

NWB:
-NWB Supination:calcaneal ADD/INV/PF
-NWB Pronation: calcaneal ABD/EV/DF

WB: calcaneus fixed able to move EV/INV only
-WB Pronation: calcaneal EV, talar ADD/PF, tib/fib MR (open packed)
-WB Supination: calcaneal INV, talar ABD/DF, tib/fib LR (closed packed)

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18
Q

Subtalar ROM

A

Calcaneal INV: 20-30
Calcaneal EV: 5-10
Bilateral stance: 3-5 EV
Heel strike: 3 INV then EV
Push off: 5.5 INV

19
Q

Transverse Tarsal Joint

A

-Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid (immobile)
-divides hindfoot and midfoot
-linked to subtalar in WB during Sup/pron
-25 degrees from ground

20
Q

Talonavicular Joint

A

-distal convex head of talus and concave proximal navicular

21
Q

Talonavicular Joint Ligs

A

-Spring lig: from sustentaculum tali on calcaneus to navicular, sling too hold head of talus
-Deltoid ligaments reinforce
-Bifurcate lig laterally

22
Q

Calcaneocuboid Joint

A

-distal calcaneus and proximal cuboid
-reciprocal concave/convex restricta mmt

23
Q

Calcaneocuboid Joint Lig

A

-Bifurcate lig
-Dorsal and long plantar calcaneocuboid ligs

24
Q

Weightbearing Supination

A

Tibial ER < hindfoot sup < talus and calc drag navicular and cuboid into sup

25
Q

Weightbearing Pronation

A

Tibial IR < subtalar pron < lateral foo will lift off the grown

26
Q

Tarsometatarsal Joint

A

-distal tarsals and base of metatarsals
-synovial joint
-1st: 1 capsule
-2nd, 3rd: share capsule
-4th and 5th: share capsule

1 Ray: DF, IV, ADD -SUP
5th ray: DF, EV, ABD - SUP (when hindfoot sup in WB to stabilize)

27
Q

Forefoot Varus

A

-seen in hindfoot pronation

28
Q

Index +

A

-1st ray longer than 2nd

29
Q

Index -

A

-morton’s
-2nd ray loonger than 1st

30
Q

Sesamoids on Hallux

A

-pulley for FHB and protects FHL in weightbearing

31
Q

Metatarsal Break

A

-extendion during heel rise
-hallux rigidus (hammer toe)
-1st MTP 83 ext, 17 flx
-42 ex in walking

32
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

-longer valgus
->15 deg ADD

33
Q

Longitudinal Arches

A

-medial and lateral
-talus is keystone
-medial higher than lateral
-lessen impact and make foot a rigid lever for gait

34
Q

Transverse Arch

A

-medial cuneiform keystone
-easiest to see at transverse tarsal

35
Q

Spring Ligament

A

-static stabilizer of arches
-sling of talar head
-sustem. tali to navicular

36
Q

Interosseous TC Lig

A

-within ST joint

37
Q

Calcaneal Aponeurosis

A

-calcaneus to met heads

38
Q

WB Distribution

A

-Bilateral: talus 50% BW
-Unilateral: talus 100%, calc and talonavicular 50%

-MET head highest during push off gait
-Heel highest during heel strike (85-130% walking, 220% running)

39
Q

Plantar Flexion Muscles

A

-Tibialis Post: sup, inv
-FDL and FHL: weak PF and sup and inv
-Plantaris

40
Q

Lateral Compartment Muscles

A

-Fibularis Brevis/longus: weak PF, eversion, pronation

41
Q

Anterior Compartment Muscles

A

-DF
-Tib ant: DF, supination, inversion
-EHL: weak sup
-EDL: hindfoot pronator
-FIbularis tertius

42
Q

Pes Cavus

A

-high arch
-supinated
-decreased shop absortion
-ankle sprains common

43
Q

Pes Planus

A

-low arch
-decreaed rigid lever
-tirred feel
-hallux valgus

44
Q

Club foot

A

-adduction, varus, equinus, cavus

Movement Science (13 decks)

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