Animal - Vertabrates

Question 1

Mammal characteristics shared with birds

Answer 1

Large brain
Endothermic
High metabolic rate
High level of parental care
Four chambered heart

Question 2

Key characteristics - soft tissues in mammals

Answer 2

Lactation - mammary glands
Fur or hair
Diaphragm separating heart and lungs from abdomen
Only left aortic arch persists
Red blood cells lack nucleus

Question 3

Composition of mammalian milk

Answer 3

Substandard inter species variation in composition
Fat
Costly to produce - longer nursing periods= lower nutrient density milk
Carnivores - higher energy fat and protein content than herbivores- greater access
Marsupials match milk to stage of Joey/ young

Question 4

Defining features of mammals - hard tissues

Answer 4

Lower jaw composed of single bone (dentary)
3 small bones help transit sound in inner ear
Differentiated teeth (heterodonty)
One time tooth replacement

Question 5

3 bones in mammalian inner ear

Answer 5

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 6

Hair in mammals

Answer 6

Composed of keratin protein
Waterproofed by sebum
Hair can reflect stress etc
Able to raise to increase insulation or behavioural challenge

Question 7

Pelage

Answer 7

Bare patches on mammals that can be exposed to cool down eg behind dogs arms

Question 8

Humpback whale hair

Answer 8

Tubercles

Question 9

Monotreme reproductive features

Answer 9

Lay eggs
Lack Nicole’s