Animal Science_2 Flashcards
is any defect on the body of the animal, which does not affect the health and
working ability, but renders its appearances unsightly or less attractive.
Blemish
- a group of animals, which possesses certain characteristics that are common to
individuals within that group of animals within the same species.
Breed
a female parent
Dam
a related group of animals.
Family
the way of going of the animal, in which the movements are regular and distinctively
profound or performed.
Gait
the rate at which the animal moves.
Pace
to surgically remove the ovaries of a female.
Spray
a group of animals within a breed differing in one or more characteristics from other
member of the breed.
Strain
a male parent
Sire
the complete cycle in the movements of the legs at any of the gaits of the animal.
Stride
includes the back, loin and rumps (in horses).
Topline
the make up or structure of a group of animals that were developed to perform a
certain function or purpose
Type
– a collective term denoting the four legs of an animal.
Underpinning
this term denotes a malformation of a part of an animal, or a malady, which
may not disturb the health of the animal but adversely influences, its service ability.
Unsoundness
the act of separating the young from the dam
Weaning
removal of the testicles whether by surgical or chemical means.
Caponization
mature male fowl.
Cock
refers to the feathers of the newly fowl.
Down feathers
mature female fowl.
Hen
refers to the development of the birds from the fertilized to a fully formed
individual under optimum or favorable conditions.
Incubation
the laying of fully developed eggs (egg laying).
Oviposition
pullet whose ovaries have been removed
Poulard
any domesticated fowl or it refers to all species of domesticated fowls.
Poultry
newly hatched young chicken 1 to 10 days old
Baby chicks
fattening male, the testicles of which were removed at 2 to 3 months old
Capon
young male chicken below one year of age.
Cockerel
already declared females.
Pullet chicks
female chicken that is almost to lay eggs or just started to lay below one year
of age.
Pullets
mature male chicken intended for breeding
Rooster (cock)
unclassified baby chicks.
Straight run chick
breeding male pigeon
Pigeon Cock
- breeding female pigeon.
Pigeon Hen
young pigeon from one to about 30 days old.
Squab
ready to leave the nest.
Peeper
ready to leave the nest and just starting to eat.
Squeaker
breeding male duck
Drake
breeding female duck
Duck hen
baby duck
Duckling
- breeding male goose
Gander
breeding female goose
Goose
- baby goose
Gosling
breeding male rabbit
Buck
breeding female rabbit
Doe
young rabbit
Bunny
rabbit’s meat
Lapan
breeding male turkey
Tom or Gabbler
breeding female turkey
Turkey Hen
a young turkey whose sex is unknown; a term applied to immature turkeys,
generally used only until sex can be distinguished.
Poult
includes all those approximately one year of age. in sheep
sheep
includes those approximately one year and younger in sheep
Lamb
male sheep of any age intended for breeding.
Ram or Buck
- female sheep also of any age
Ewe
male sheep castrated before it had reached a sufficient maturity to make
reproduction possible and has not developed characteristics. As a rule, castration is done
before the animal is six weeks old; male sheep castrated while young.
Wether
male sheep castrated at the time after the head, neck and fore quarters have
become course or after the secondary sexual characteristics have developed.
Stag
- a yearling sheep.
Shearling or two-tooth
a two year old sheep.
Four-tooth or two shear
is a subclass of lamb denoting animals that are in full fleece and that are
purchased primarily for their wool.
Shearer
wool covering of the sheep.
Fleece
cloths made from combed wool fibers laid parallel to each other by passing
through metal comb.
Worsteds
wool and skin together.
Pelt
waste wool and foreign matter removed in the preparation of combed wool.
Noils
- clothes made from short and highly crimped wool fibers called carding wools.
Woolens
male goat of any age.
Buck or Billy goat
female goat of any age.
Doe
young goat of either sex below one year of age
Kid
castrated male while young; male goat unsexed at an early age
Wether goat
male goat castrated/ unsexed after the secondary sexual characteristics have
developed
Stag
the act of parturition of goat.
Kidding
a pregnant doe is spoken of as a doe in kid
Doe in kid
goat’s meat
Chevon
Philippine term for water buffalo
Carabao
mature female carabao
Cara-cow
young female carabao below three years of age
Cara-heifer
young carabao of either sex under one year of age
Cara-calf
male carabao castrated/ unsexed while young
Cara-steer
male carabao castrated/ unsexed after the secondary sexual characteristics
have developed
Cara-stag
carabao meat
Cara-beef
pregnant cara-cow
In calf
parturition of carabao
Calving
mature male horse intended for breeding
Stallion
term used to indicate the use of the mare for breeding purpose
Brood Mare
a mature female horse
Mare
a young male horse
Colt
a young female horse, usually up to three years old
Filly
young horse of either sex below one year of age
Faol
male horse castrated/unsexed while young
Gelding
male horse castrated/ unsexed at an advanced age
Stag
a stallion with one testicle or none in the scrotum, the other
or both is held inside the abdominal cavity.
Crytorchid or Ridgling
a horse breeding establishment
Stud
mature breeding horse
Stud horse
is a dry mare, did not produce any young during the breeding season
Yeld mare
animal belonging to the family Bovidae and
genus Bos
Cattle
male breeding ox of any age’
Bull
mature female cattle intended for breeding purposes
Cow
young ox male or female under one year of age
Calf
- is a young female ox under three years of age that has not given birth yet
Heifer
male cattle castrated/unsexed while young
Steer
- is a sterile female ox born twin to a male calf.
Free Martin
the meat of a mature ox
Beef
the meat of a calf
Veal
- general term for any class of animal belonging to the family suidae of either
sex.
Swine
adult swine at the age of one year or over
Hog
young swine below one year
Pig
a male swine of any age intended for breeding
Boar
a mature female swine intended for breeding, one that has given birth
Sow
a young female swine under one year of age, one that has not given birth yet
Gilt
a young swine of either sex weighing approximately 50 kilos
Shote
young male pig castrated/unsexed at an early age
Barrow
the act of parturition in swine
Farrow
is the aggregate of pigs in one birth or farrowing
Litter
the meat of the swine
Pork
- the carcass or carcass parts coming from animals sufficiently mature and healthy.
Meat
meat from cattle more than a year old
Beef
meat from cattle less than one year old; meat from calf.
Veal
- meat from carabaos more than one year old.
Carabeef -
meat from goats.
Chevon
meat from swine.
Pork
meat from sheep
Mutton
meat from young sheep
Lamb
meat from deers
Venison -
meat from an illegal source
Hot meat
meat that has not undergone any substantial change from the time of
slaughter.
Fresh meat
edible by-products from the slaughter house.
Meat by-products
- the premises approved and registered as premises for slaughtering animals
for human food
Abattoir
laughtering an animal which is already dead of some causes prior to
slaughter.
Cold slaughter
process of cutting carcasses into standard wholesale and retail cuts.
Fabrication
act of removing hide from animals.
Flaying
prepared meat cured by soaking with or without injecting into it a solution of
common salt with or without one or more of nitrate, nitrite, sugar, dextrose, syrup, honey,
and with or without the use of spices.
Corned meat
the addition of salt with or without nitrate, nitrite, and sugar for the purpose of
lengthening shelf life and/or enhancing the development of odor, color, and flavor.
Curing
freezing products such that the deepest portion hardens in 30 minutes.
Quick freezing
reezing products at a temperature of -20°F or lower.
Deep freezing
- unsmoked cured hams
Green hams
meat deboned before the development of rigor mortis.
Hot boned meat
it is a process of destroying most disease-producing microorganisms and
limiting fermentation in milk or other liquids by heating a foodstuff, usually a liquid, for a
definite time at a definite temperature and thereafter cooling it immediately
Pasteurization
fat globules are subjected to mechanical treatment which breaks them
down into smaller globules, uniformly dispersed in the milk
Homogenization
- fresh milk of high purity to be delivered to the customer within 36 hours.
The number of bacteria is 10,000 or less per ml.
Certified milk
- fresh milk heated to a temperature of not lower than 145°F for a
period of not less than 30 minutes.
Pasteurized milk
fresh milk that has been evaporated to a concentration of 73.7 percent
water. It contains 7 percent protein, 7.9 percent fat, 9.9 percent lactose and 1.5 percent
minerals
Evaporated milk
milk that contains finer globules of butterfat than those present in
fresh milk. It is prepared by passing fresh milk through small openings by pressure.
Homogenized milk
concentrated milk to which sugar has been added. It has 27 percent
water, 8.1 percent protein, 54.8 percent lactose, and 1.7 percent minerals.
Condensed milk
dried milk obtained by evaporating the moisture from the milk
solids.
Dried or powder milk
milk where the butterfat is replaced with vegetable fat such as coconut fat.
Filled milk
dry skim milk, dry buttermilk plus butter oil.
Recombined milk
milk powder plus water.
Reconstituted milk
system where unrelated individuals are mated to produce the next
generation
Outbreeding
- the mating of unrelated individuals in the same breed.
Pure breeding
- the breeding of related individuals is generally termed
Close breeding
is the mating of individuals from different breed.
Cross breeding
- the mating of related individuals
In-breeding -
he breeding of less related individuals, nephew and aunt, first
cousin and so on.
Line-breeding
the second important reasons for cross breeding
Heterosis
the genetic makeup of an individual.
Genotype
environmentally and genetically determined observable appearance of an
organism; the expression of genes which can be measured by our senses. What we see in an
animal for some trait.
Phenotype
a list of animals ancestors usually only those of the five closes generation.
Pedigree
simply means separation or sorting out and refers to the way in which the
genes separate out in subsequent generations
Segregation
- the first filial generation, or the first generation progeny following the
parental generation.
F1 Generation
the second filial generation progeny resulting from the mating of F1
generation individuals. Produce by an inbreeding of the first filial generation.
F2 Generation
the period during which the reproductive organs first become functional.
Puberty
variations in puberty depends on:
- climatic conditions
- level of nutrition
- heredity
it is the interval from the beginning of one heat period to the beginning of
the next.
Estrous Cycle -
the first of the estrous cycle is referred to as the “building up” phase; follicles
increase in size, vaginal wall thickens, and uterus vascularity increases.
Proestrus
period of heat and greatest receptivity to male, rapture of ovarian follicles in
most farm animals
Estrus
formation of corpus luteum, changes in vaginal wall and uterus.
Metestrus
looks and feels solid because it is actually a tissue.
But in reality it is an endocrine gland, which produces progesterone,
Corpus Luteum or yellow body
a hormone
essential for maintenance of pregnancy.
progesterone
– characterized by the regression of the corpus luteum; progesterone
secretion is at basal level.
Diestrus
