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AREA 2 > Agronomy2 > Flashcards

Agronomy2 Flashcards

DEFINITION OF TERMS PART 2

1
Q

the potential to do work.

A

Energy

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2
Q

a protein that functions as a biological catalyst and regulate cellular functions.

A

Enzyme

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3
Q
  • in dicots, germination in which the cotyledons rise above the soil
    surface.
A

Epigeal germination

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4
Q
  • the art and practice of crop production.
A

Farming

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5
Q

alternate path of respiration followed when oxygen is absent or limited.

A

Fermentation

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6
Q

the first filial generation, the first generation offspring of a given mating.

A

F1

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7
Q

The second filial generation is the first generation in which segregation occurs.

A

F2

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8
Q
  • cropland left side for the soil to rejuvenate and replenish its fertility.
A

Fallow

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9
Q

the ability to reproduce sexually.

A

Fertility (plant)

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10
Q

the ability to provide the proper nutrients in the proper amount and in
proper balance for the growth of specified plants under the suitable environment or the
ability to support crop production.

A

Fertility (soil)

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11
Q

the union of the male nucleus with the female cell.

A

Fertilization (plant)

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12
Q

the applications to the soil of elements or compounds, that aid in the
nutrition of plants.

A

Fertilization (soil) -

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13
Q

a slender thread-like root, as in grasses.

A

Fibrous root

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14
Q

the percentage of moisture on dry weight basis that is held against the
pull of gravity, after drainage has ceased in a soil that has been saturated.

A

Field capacity

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15
Q

the stalk of the stamen which bears the anther.

A

Filament

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16
Q

a thickened root containing abundant food reserves; example: carrot, sweet
potato.

A

Fleshy root

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17
Q
  • lemma and palea with included flower.
A

Floret

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18
Q
  • vegetable matter, fresh or preserved, gathered and fed to animals.
A

Forage

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19
Q

the ripened pistil or ovary

A

Fruit -

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20
Q

a chemical substance used as a spray, dust, or disinfectant to kill fungi
infesting plants or seeds.

A

Fungicide

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21
Q

a group of plants that causes most plant diseases.

A

Fungus

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22
Q
  • the unit of heredity, variation, sex determination and related phenomena.
A

Gene

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23
Q
  • the hereditary make-up of characteristics of a plant or a pure line or variety
A

Genotype

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24
Q

turning downward in response to a stimulus caused by the force of gravity

A

Geotropic

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25
Q

a cell capable of production or of sharing in reproduction

A

Germ Cell -

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26
Q

a karyopsis, a collective term for the cereals.

A

Grain

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27
Q

a plant of the family Graminae

A

Grass

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28
Q
  • a haploid cell or nucleus that may unite with another gamete to produce a
    zygote, the process of sexual fertilization.
A

Gamete

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29
Q

the spore that, as a result or mitosis, ultimately produces the male and
female gametes or nuclei

A

Gametophyte

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30
Q
  • the science or study of inheritance.
A

Genetics

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31
Q

the sequences of events occurring in a viable seed, starting with the
inhibition of water, that leads to the growth and development of an embryo

A

Germination

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32
Q

a group of hormones that contribute to increase in cell size, fruit size, and
fruit yield, among other effects.

A

Gibberelins

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33
Q

a respiratory process in which glucose is converted anaerobically into lactate
or pyruvate with a net gain of two molecules of ATP.

A

Glycolysis

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34
Q

– a method of asexual propagation involving the transfer of aerial parts of one
plant (scion) to the root or trunk material (stock) of another plant.

A

Grafting

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35
Q
  • a crop that is plowed under while still green and growing to improve the
    soil fertility.
A

Green manure

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36
Q

young plants of the Alliums grown for transplanting.

A

Green sets

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37
Q
  • an irreversible increase in cell size or cell number.
A

Growth

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38
Q

used in reference to either a nucleus or an entire organism in which only one
member of each set of homologous chromosomes is present.

A

Haploid

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39
Q

the slight checking of the growth of plants before transplanting to improve
their ability to resume growth quickly in the new location

A

Hardening

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40
Q

a chemical applied to cropland as pre-emergence or post-emergence
treatment for the control of weeds.

A

Herbicide

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41
Q

containing unlike alleles at one or more loci as a reactant and not as a
solvent.

A

Heterozygous

42
Q

a place in which one or more seeds, a cutting or a section of a root or a tuber is
planted

A

Hill

43
Q

the moving of soil toward a row of plants.

A

Hilling-up

44
Q

in dicot, germination in which the cotyledons do not rise above
the soil surface.

A

Hypogeal germination

45
Q

containing like germ cells

A

Homozygous

46
Q
  • a chemical growth regulating substance that can be or is produced by living
    organisms.
A

Hormone

47
Q

the well decomposed more or less stable part of the organic matter of the soil

A

Humus

48
Q

the coarse outer envelope of a fruit as the glumes of an ear or maize.

A

Husk

49
Q

the offspring of two parents unlike in one or more heritable characters.

A

Hybrid

50
Q
  • the process of crossing organism of unlike heredity.
A

Hybridization

51
Q

a plant adapted to wet or submerged condition.

A

Hydrophyte

52
Q

the stem of the embryo or young seedling below the cotyledon.

A

Hypocotyl

53
Q
  • a chemical used to kill insects.
A

Insecticides

54
Q

the growing of two or more crops simultaneously in the same piece of land.
Normally one matures quickly so that the longer growing crop then has the use of the
whole area.

A

Intercrop

55
Q
  • is the growing of two or more crops simultaneously in the same plot in
    alternating rows or sets of rows.
A

Intercropping

56
Q

a crop planted in rows followed by cultivation between the rows.

A

Inter-tilled crop

57
Q

an electrically charged element, group of elements or particle.

A

Ion

58
Q
  • a plant or group of plants that is homozygous.
A

Inbred line

59
Q

a genetic condition in which certain normal male spores are incapable
of functioning on certain pistils.

A

Incompatibility

60
Q

a flower missing all or some of the following parts: sepals, petals,
stamens or pistils.

A

Incomplete flower

61
Q
  • a fruit does not split open naturally at maturity.
A

Indehiscent fruit

62
Q

the growth exhibited by a stem that terminates in a vegetative
bud and thus elongates indefinitely.

A

Indeterminate growth

63
Q

an ovary that is imbedded in the receptacle, or an ovary whose base is
below the point of attachment of the perianth

A

Inferior ovary

64
Q

any structurally organized group of flowers.

A

Inflorescence

65
Q
  • introduction of bacteria on seed or into soil
A

Inoculation

66
Q

any method of applying water to a crop so that it reaches the rooting zone

A

Irrigation

67
Q

a term applied to a period in the early growth of plants, mainly biennials,
when they are not susceptible to the influence of environment in the stimulation of
reproductive development.

A

Juvenile stage

68
Q

a cyclic series of chemical reactions through which pyruvate is oxidized to
CO2 and H2O, and ATP is produced

A

Kreb’s cycle

69
Q

a simple, dry, dehiscent fruit that dehisces along two margins. A pod-bearing
plant.

A

Legume

70
Q

the reaction in photosynthesis in which light energy is required, the
photo activation or excitement of an electron in the chlorophyll molecule, electro transfers
of this electron and associated reactions

A

Light reaction

71
Q
  • a condition most frequently observed in cereals where plants bend at or near
    the soil surface and lie more or less flat on the ground.
A

Lodging

72
Q
  • to remove materials by solution.
A

Leach

73
Q

calcium oxide or quick lime; Calcium carbonate; material applied to increase soil pH

A

Lime

74
Q

length of life usually of seeds or plants of longer than average life.

A

Longenity

75
Q

the divisions of the sexual cells in which the member of chromosomes is halved.

A

Miosis

76
Q

a soil that is easily worked or penetrated.

A

Mellow soil

77
Q

a plant that thrives under medium conditions of moisture and salt content of
the soil.

A

Mesophyte

78
Q

ell division involving the formation and longitudinal splitting of the
chromosomes.

A

Mitosis

79
Q

a plant having one cotyledon in its seed, as in the grasses.

A

Monocotyledon

80
Q

a layer of plant residues or other materials placed on the surface of the soil to
conserve soil moisture.

A

Mulch

81
Q
  • a mineral required in relatively large amount for plant growth.
A

Macro-nutrient

82
Q
  • the spore that germinates to form the female gametophyte, the end product
    of mitosis in the pistil.
A

Megaspore

83
Q

a mineral required in a relatively small amount for plant growth.

A

Micro nutrient -

84
Q

is the growing of more than one food, feed or industrial crop on the
same piece of land in one year

A

Multiple cropping

85
Q

a hydrogen acceptor
molecule.

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

86
Q

a dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruit with a hard, woody pericarp.

A

Nut

87
Q

discoloration, dehydration and death of plant parts.

A

Necrosis

88
Q
  • a soil neither acid nor alkaline with a pH of about 7.0 or between 6.6 and
    7.3.
A

Neutral soil

89
Q

formation of nitrate from ammonia.

A

Nitrification

90
Q

the transformation of free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that can
be absorbed as foods by plants. This is done naturally through bacterial decomposition,
nitrogen nodules on plant roots, or by lightning.

A

Nitrogen fixation

91
Q
  • a tubercle formed on legume roots by nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus
    rhyzobium.
A

Nodule

92
Q
  • a chemical element taken into a plant that is essential to the growth or
    reproduction of the plant
A

Nutrient

93
Q
  • the removal of soil from the sides of a row of plants preparatory to a hilling
    up operation
A

Off-barring

94
Q

planting the plants in a row, are opposite the midpoint between those in the two
adjacent rows rather than being directly opposite each other.

A

Off-set

95
Q

diffusion of substance through a cell wall or other membrane.

A

Osmosis

96
Q

a cross to an individual not closely related

A

Out cross

97
Q

a chemical change involving addition of oxygen or its chemical equivalent, or
involving an increase in + or decrease in - valence

A

Oxidation

98
Q

inner bract of a floret lying next to the caryopsis in grasses.

A

Palea

99
Q

radicately lobed or divided

A

Palmate

100
Q

an inflorescence with a main axis and subdivided branches, as in oats and
sorghum.

A

Panicle

AREA 2 (5 decks)

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