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AREA 2 > Agronomy > Flashcards

Agronomy Flashcards

Definition of Terms

1
Q

the existing natural environmental temperature surrounding a
plant or plant part.

A

Ambient temperature

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2
Q
  • taking up H2O by assimilation.
A

Absorption

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3
Q

synthetic metabolism, the metabolic processes that form more complex
molecules from single ones, as in photosynthesis or protein synthesis

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

a plant in which the female gamete is protected within an enclosed
ovary.

A

Angiosperm

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5
Q

the suppression of the development of lateral buds by high
concentration of auxins in the shoot apex.

A

Apical dominance

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6
Q

the inflorescence of sugarcane plant.

A

Arrow

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7
Q

used in reference to reproduction by any method in which sexual fertilization
is absent, or not completed.

A

Asexual

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8
Q

a plant growth regulator or hormone that affects dormancy; it acts as a
growth inhibitor.

A

Abscissic acid

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9
Q

the natural separation of leaves, flowers, and fruits or buds from the stems
or other plant parts by the formation of a special layer of thin-walled cells.

A

Abscission

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10
Q

a soil with a pH below 7.0.

A

Acid soil

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11
Q

a high-energy phosphate compound. This is
converted to ATP by the addition of phosphate, which is attached to the ADP molecule by
a high-energy bond.

A

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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12
Q

a high-energy molecule that is the major source of
usable chemical energy for cellular work.

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q

taking up vapor or liquid by surface on which they remain.

A

Adsorption

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14
Q

a root that originates neither as a branch from the pericycle nor
as a seminal root.

A

Adventitious roots

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15
Q

roots that arise from the stem above the ground.

A

Aerial roots

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16
Q

capable of producing food from non-food materials.

A

Autotrophic

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17
Q

lacking a geotropic response, as in stolons, rhizomes, and lateral roots
which grow either erect or downward.

A

Ageotropic

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18
Q

the study of the relation of crop adaptation to environmental conditions.

A

Agroecology

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19
Q
  • the science of crop production and soil management or field management
A

Agronomy

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20
Q

a soil usually above pH 8.5, containing alkali salts in quantities that usually
are deleterious to crop production.

A

Alkali soil

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21
Q

a soil with a pH above 7.0

A

Alkaline soil

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22
Q

formation of ammonia or ammonium compounds in soil.

A

Ammonification

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23
Q

a plant that completes its life cycle from seed in one year or less.

A

Annual

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24
Q

the part of the stamen that contain the pollen.

A

Anther

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25
Q

a water-soluble plant pigment that produces many of the red, blue, and
purple colors in plants.

A

Anthocyanin

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26
Q

turning upward in response to a stimulus opposed to the force of
gravity.

A

Apogeotropic

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27
Q

a plant that lives in water.

A

Aquatic plant

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28
Q

reproduction without involving the germ or sexual cells.

A

Asexual reproduction

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29
Q

organic substances that cause stem elongation.

A

Auxins

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30
Q

the period during which the flower is open and, in grasses, the period when
the anther are extended from the glumes

A

Anthesis

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31
Q

a type of asexual production of seed (as in Kentucky blue grass).

A

Apomixis

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32
Q

the subsoil layer in which certain leached substances are deposited.

A

B horizon

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33
Q

the placement of fertilizer in a band or bands in the root zone
before or at the time of planting. Insecticides are sometimes applied in this manner.

A
  • Band application
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34
Q
  • the cross of a hybrid with one of the parental types.
A

Back cross

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35
Q

of two year’s duration, a plant germinating one season and producing seed
the next.

A

Biennial

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36
Q

an aerial root that functions to brace the plant as in corn.

A

Brace root

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37
Q

a leaf with fleshy scales, usually subterranean.

A

Bulb

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38
Q
  • a fibrous by-product of sugarcane processing that is used in the manufacture
    of some types of paper products.
A

Bagasse

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39
Q

the rounded seed pod of cotton or flax.

A

Boll

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40
Q

the science of plant life.

A

Botany

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41
Q

the outer layers of karyopsis removed in milling.

A

Bran

42
Q

a form of grafting in which a vegetative bud from one plant is transferred to
stem tissue of another plant.

A

Budding

43
Q

growth habit of grasses that do not spread by rhizomes or stolons.

A

Bunch type

44
Q

a crop produced for direct sale for cash, as contracted with crops produced
as livestock feed.

A

Cash crop

45
Q
  • destructive metabolism; the metabolic processes that break down complex
    molecules with the release of energy.
A

Catabolism

46
Q

a positively charged atom or molecule.

A

Cation

47
Q

seed that meets rigid standard of purity and germination and is so
designated by an authorized agency.

A

Certified seed -

48
Q
  • the cellular organelle in which chlorophyll is located.
A

Chloroplast

49
Q

a measure of the potential of a soil to give up or exchange positively charged ions
or molecules.

A

CEC

50
Q

a flower with all parts of the perianth and pistil and
stamen.

A

Complete & Perfect flower

51
Q

a nonsystemic weed killer - one that does not have to be
metabolized by a plant to be effective

A

Contact herbicide

52
Q

the physical exchange of chromosomal material between non-sister
chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A

Crossing over

53
Q

the condition in which pollen from an anther on one plant ultimately
fertilize a flower on a different plant.

A

Cross-pollination

54
Q
  • division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells.
A

Cytokinesis

55
Q

the layer of weathered parent rock material below B horizon of the soil but
above the unweathered rock.

A

C Horizon

56
Q

an alkaline soil containing sufficient calcium and Mg carbonate to
cause visible efflorescence when treated with hydrochloric acid.

A

Calcareous soil

57
Q

the green coloring matter of plants that take part in the process of
photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll

58
Q

the yellowing or blanching of leaves and other chlorophyll bearing plant
parts.

A

Chlorosis

59
Q

carrier of genes.

A

Chromosome

60
Q
  • the total long-time characteristic weather of any region.
A

Climate -

61
Q

a group of organism composed of individuals propagated vegetatively from a
single original individual.

A

Clone

62
Q
  • the sheath covering the tip of the leaf of a grass seedling as it emerge from
    the soil.
A

Coleoptile

63
Q
  • a sheath covering the tip of the 1st root from a seed.
A

Coleorhizar

64
Q

a crop grown with another crop, as a small grain with forage crops

A

Companion crop

65
Q

plowed at right angles to the slope, at the same level of grade, to
intercest and retain runoff water.

A

Contour furrows

66
Q

hard swollen base of the stem.

A

Corm

67
Q

the 1st leaves of a plant as found in the embryo.

A

Cotyledon

68
Q
  • a crop grown between orchard trees or on field between cropping season to
    protect the land from leaching and erosion.
A

Cover crop

69
Q
  • is the planting of some crops, like vegetables, cereals, and legumes after
    harvesting the main crop, like rice, corn, or sugarcane and repeating the same pattern in
    the next crop year
A

Crop rotation

70
Q
  • fertilization secured by pollen from another
    plant.
A

Cross-fertilization or cross-pollination -

71
Q
  • a part of a plant used for vegetative propagation
A

Cutting

72
Q

the study of the structure, function, and life history of the cell.

A

Cytology

73
Q
  • the contents of a cell outside the nucleus.
A

Cytoplasm

74
Q

a cultivated variety within a plant species that differs in some respect from the
rest of the species.

A

Cultivar

75
Q

the random scattering of molecules due to their own kinetic activity and to
external forces.

A

Diffusion

76
Q

the breakdown of complex foods to simple foods, which can be more easily
respired.

A

Digestion

77
Q

the process of sexual fertilization in the angiosperms in which one
nucleus from the male gametophyte fertilizes the egg nucleus to form the embryo and a
second nucleus from the male gametophyte jointly-fertilizes two polar nuclei to form
endosperm.

A

Double-fertilization

78
Q

plants or trees that shed leaves or awns at a particular season or stage

A

Deciduous

79
Q

the opening of valves or anthers, or separation of parts of plants.

A

Dehiscence

80
Q

the reduction of nitrates to nitrites, ammonia and free nitrogen in the
soil.

A

Denitrification

81
Q

having two sets of chromosomes.

A

Diploid

82
Q

the terminal end farthest from the base.

A

Distal

83
Q

possessing as character which is manifested in the hybrid to the apparent
exclusion of the contracted character from the other parent.

A

Dominant

84
Q

an internal condition of a seed or bud that prevents its prompt germinating or
sprouting under normal growth conditions.

A

Dormancy -

85
Q

lowers that arises from the terminal bud and check the
growth of the axis.

A

Determinate inflorescence

86
Q
  • plants producing two cotyledons in each fruit.
A

Dicotyledonous plants -

87
Q

the result of mating two single crosses, each of which had been produced
by crossing two distinct inbred linen

A

Double cross

88
Q

a machine for sowing in furrows

A

Drill -

89
Q

a row of seeds or plants sown with a drill; one seed per hill.

A

Drill row

90
Q
  • small onion bulbs, approximately 1.5 - 2 cm in diameter used as planting
    material
A

Dry sets

91
Q
  • the study of the mutual relations between organism and their environment.
A

Ecology

92
Q

a variety or strains adapted to a particular environment.

A

Ecotype

93
Q

the female reproductive cell.

A

Egg

94
Q

remove the male reproductive structures

A

Emasculate

95
Q

the sac in the embryo containing the egg cell.

A

Embryo sac

96
Q

coming off a place, as a seedling from the soil or a flower from a bud.

A

Emergence

97
Q

Inner layer of pericarp

A

Endocarp

98
Q

the starchy interior of a grain.

A

Endosperm

99
Q

the stem of the embryo or young seedling above the cotyledons.

A

Epicotyl

100
Q
  • the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind or other forces.
A

Erosion

AREA 2 (5 decks)

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