Animal Science Circulatory System Flashcards
Right atrioventricular valve is also known as what?
AV valve, tricuspid valve
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
AKA pulmonary valve
Located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Controls the blood entering the lungs
Shaped like half moon
Left atrioventricular valve
Controls the opening between left atrium and left ventricle
Aka mitral valve, bicuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Located between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system
Aortic semiluner valve
Located between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system
Artery
Take blood away from the heart
Veins
Bring blood back to the heart
Often unoxygenated; exception is when coming back from the lungs
Heartbeat
Regularity of the heart rhythm
This is modified by electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium
Cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart (per unit of time ??)
in order to pump blood, contraction and relaxation have to be timed perfectly
Sinotrial node
Located in the wall of the right atrium
Also called SA Node
Purkinje fibers
Muscles cells that establish the base rhythm of the heart
Pacemaker can help to regulate this
Atrial systole
Has to do with the SA node.
When SA node contracts, it signifies both atriums to contract and sends blood to both ventricles on the left and right sides
Atrioventricular node
A.k.a. AV node
Located in the inter-atrial septum
AV impulses are slower, allowing the ventricles to fill up with blood. This impulse triggers the bundle of His
Called the ventricular systole – forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries
13 bundle of His - carries the impulse and make ventricle contract
Ventricular systole
Has to do with the atrioventricular node (or AV node)
Sinus rhythm
Normal rhythm
It starts in the SA node, if it doesn’t start there, then it is known as a heart arrhythmia
Heart rhythm
Heart rhythm is electric
EKG
Electro cardiogram – measures the electrical activity of the myocardium
Electrocardiography
Process of RECORDING the electrical activity of the myocardium
Blood vessels
Lumen
OPENING OF A VESSEL (Opening through which blood flows) –
diameter is affected by
constriction (narrowing) or
dilation (widening)
Blood vessels
Hilus
Hilus - DEPRESSION where vessels and nerves enter an organ
Aorta
Main trunk of atrial system,
begins from left ventricles,
arches dorsally and moves caudally,
supplies many muscles and organs
Branches of aorta
Celial - supplies the liver, stomach and spleen
Renal - supplies kidneys
Ovarian - ovaries or testicles
Subclavian – located under collarbone
Arterioles
Smaller branches of arteries
Arteriolar are smaller and thinner than arteries, carry blood to the capillaries
Capillaries
Single cell vessels that CONNECT THE ARTERIAL and VENOUS systems
Blood flow is slower due to smaller diameter. Slower flow allows time for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products
Veins
Venules - connect capillaries to the veins
Veins
1) low pressure, they returns blood to the heart
2) thinner walls then arteries
3) relying on muscle contractions to push blood back to the heart
4) have valves - these valves allow travel towards the heart and not away
Vein placement
Jugular vein
Femoral vein
Renal vein
Azygoys vein
Jugular vein - during the head and neck area
Femoral vein - drains the legs
Renal vein - drains kidneys
Azygoys vein - drains chest wall
Pressure
Tension exerted by blood on the atrial walls
Hypertension – high blood pressure
Hypotension – low blood pressure
Pulse
RYTHMIC expansion and contraction of the artery produced by pressure
Systolic
Ventricles contract (highest toward the end of the stroke) output of the left ventricle
Diastolic
When ventricles relax (lowest in ventricular dilation)
Embolus
Foreign object (clot, air, tissue) circulating in the blood
Hematoma
Mass or collection of blood
Aneurysm
Excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall
Hypocapnia
Decrease of carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Hypoxia
Causes skin and mucous membranes to turn blue tint - lack of oxygen in the blood
Ischemia
Deficiency in blood supplies to an aorta
Carditis
Inflammation of heart
Hypercapnia
Excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in blood
