animal responses Flashcards

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1
Q

animals respond to changes in…

A

temperature

day length

food

stress

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2
Q

what is the function of the central nervous system

A

coordination centre

processes information

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3
Q

what are the two branches of the peripheral nervous system

A

motor and sensory

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4
Q

what is in the motor branch of the PNS. describe their roles

A

somatic
conscious (voluntary)
i

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5
Q

compare the structure of skeletal and cardiac muscle

A

skeletal
regular arrangement
striated
cells are multinucleated

cardiac
branched
striated
cells are mononucleated
contains intercolated discs

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6
Q

describe the function of a regular arrangement structure of muscle

give an example of the muscle with this arrangement

A

allows the muscle to pull in one direction

skeletal

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7
Q

describe the function of a branched structure of a muscle

give an example of a muscle with this arrangement

A

contracts in many directions

cardiac

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8
Q

describe the function of intercolated discs

what type of muscle areintercolated discs found

A

allows electrical impulse to be transcribed between cells

cardiac

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9
Q

what are the different muscles specialised for

A

skeletal - movement

cardiac - heart

smooth - involuntary for internal organs

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10
Q

how is longer cells an adaptation for muscle cells

A

makes muscles stronger

junction between adjacent cells act as a point of weakness

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11
Q

how is the electrical impulse spread throughout the sarcoplasm

A

parts of sarcolemma fold inwards forming T tubules

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12
Q

how does the sarcoplasmic reticulum adapted for muscle contraction

A

extends throughout the fibre

contains calcium ions required for contraction

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13
Q

describe a myofibril

A

long cylindrical organelles made of proteins and specialised for contraction

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14
Q

describe the arrangement of myofibrils and explain why it is adapted this way

A

parallel

provides maximum force when all contract

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15
Q

myofibrils are made up of two protein filaments

name them and describe them

A

actin - thin
consists of 2 strands twisted together

myosin - thick
consists of rod-shaped fibres with bulbous heads that project to one side

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16
Q

define myogenic

A

ability to contract without the need of nervous stimulation