animal responses Flashcards

1
Q

animals respond to changes in…

A

temperature

day length

food

stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of the central nervous system

A

coordination centre

processes information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two branches of the peripheral nervous system

A

motor and sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is in the motor branch of the PNS. describe their roles

A

somatic

conscious (voluntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

compare the structure of skeletal and cardiac muscle

A

skeletal
regular arrangement
striated
cells are multinucleated

cardiac
branched
striated
cells are mononucleated
contains intercolated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the function of a regular arrangement structure of muscle

give an example of the muscle with this arrangement

A

allows the muscle to pull in one direction

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the function of a branched structure of a muscle

give an example of a muscle with this arrangement

A

contracts in many directions

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the function of intercolated discs

what type of muscle are intercolated discs found

A

allows electrical impulse to be transcribed between cells

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the different muscles specialised for

A

skeletal - movement

cardiac - heart

smooth - involuntary for internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is longer cells an adaptation for muscle cells

A

makes muscles stronger

junction between adjacent cells act as a point of weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is the electrical impulse spread throughout the sarcoplasm

A

parts of sarcolemma fold inwards forming T tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the sarcoplasmic reticulum adapted for muscle contraction

A

extends throughout the fibre

contains calcium ions required for contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe a myofibril

A

long cylindrical organelles made of proteins and specialised for contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the arrangement of myofibrils and explain why it is adapted this way

A

parallel

provides maximum force when all contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

myofibrils are made up of two protein filaments

name them and describe them

A

actin - thin
consists of 2 strands twisted together

myosin - thick
consists of rod-shaped fibres with bulbous heads that project to one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define myogenic

A

ability to contract without the need of nervous stimulation

17
Q

what neurotransmitter works for the parasympathetic NS

A

acetylcholine

18
Q

what neurotransmitter works for the sympathetic NS

A

noradrenaline

19
Q

what is the difference in the axons for the somatic vs. autonomic NS

A

somatic = heavily myelinated

autonomic = lightly myelinated pre-ganglion axons

20
Q

what is the different between the postganglionic axons in parasympathetic vs. sympathetic NS

A

symp = longer

21
Q

what does the sympathetic NS travel to

A

postganglionic axons or into effector organs (adrenal medulla for adrenaline)

22
Q

what are meninges

A

protective membrane for the brain

23
Q

what adaptation does the cerebrum have

A

convoluted = high SA

24
Q

what is the main region which controls movement in the brain

A

primary motor cortex