Animal Reproduction and Development

Question 1

What are the methods of asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Fission, budding, fragmentation, Parthenogenesis

Question 2

What are the methods of sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Hermaphroditism, sex determination, fertilization

Question 3

What are the two types of fertilization

Answer 3

internal and external

Question 4

Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent because the offspring are all clones of the original parent.

Question 5

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

the offspring are genetically identical and may not be able to adapt to changing environments

Question 6

What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

fewer offspring made

Question 7

sexual reproduction

Answer 7

the genetic material of two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring that differ from their parents.

Question 8

Fission

Answer 8

in which an organism appears to split itself into two parts and, if necessary, regenerate the missing parts of each new organism. (sea anemone)

Question 9

Budding

Answer 9

is a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of the body leading to a separation of the “bud” from the original organism and the formation of two individuals, one smaller than the other.

Question 10

Fragmentation

Answer 10

is the breaking of an individual into parts followed by regeneration. (starfish)

Question 11

Parthenogensis

Answer 11

is a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into an individual without being fertilized. (Ants, bees, and wasps use parthenogenesis to produce haploid males (drones). The diploid females (workers and queens) are the result of a fertilized egg.)

Question 12

Hermaphroditism

Answer 12

occurs in animals in which one individual has both male and female reproductive systems.

Question 13

sex determination

Answer 13

is dependent on the combination of Z and W chromosomes. Homozygous for Z (ZZ) results in a male and heterozygous (ZW) results in a female. (environmental sex determination- warm/cold temps can create either male or female individuals)

Question 14

What are the three methods of internal fertilization?

Answer 14

oviparity, ovoviparity, and viviparity

Question 15

Oviparity

Answer 15

fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg

Question 16

Ovoviparity

Answer 16

fertilized eggs are retained in the female, and the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk.

Question 17

Viviparity

Answer 17

young are born alive.