Animal organ systems Flashcards
detects and respons to stimuli
nervous system
two types of cells
neurons and glial cells
communicate through synapses or membrane-through- membrane junctions that allow rapid transmissions of electrical or chemical signals
neurons
involved in integration of environmental stimuli with appropriate body response
central nervous system
receives impulses from sensory moves
brain
largest part of the brain, interprets and recalls infor
cerebrum
lies below the cerebrum and coordinates movements
cerebellum
control center for breathing, blood pressure and heart beat among other involuntary body functions; also called the brain stem
medulla oblongata
transmits nerve impulses
spinal cord
connects all parts of the body to the central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
regulates the ovaries and testes, stimualtes growth
pituitary gland
affects the activities of the ovaries, secretes and melatonin
pineal
regulates body metabolism
thyroid
balances the calcium in blood
parathyroid
produces antibodies
thymus
regulates blood sugar level
pancreas
regulates blood pressure, salt and water and balancew in the blood, prepares body in action times of emergency
adrenal
influeence female traits
ovaries
influence male traits
testes
maintains the body’s internal balance______; considered the line between nervous systems and endocrine system
homeostasis
Hypothalamus
the system that eliminates the foreign materials in the body
immune system
has no component part of its own
immune system
cells involved in the sexual reproduction
gametes
female gamete
oocyte
male gamete
spermatocyte
alike gametes
isogametes
fusion of gamees, also known as fertilization
syngamy
produces eggs; female gonad
ovary
produces sperm; male gonad
testis
transports nutrients and oxygen to the body cells and carries waste away from the body, cells
blood
made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
blood
carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart except pulmonary artery which carries oxygen poor blood
arteries
carry oxygen-poor blood cell back to the heart except pulmonary vein which carries oxygen-rich blood
veins
usually a part of microcirculation; organ level blood vessel/ organ level circulation
capillaries
receives blood from the heart
atrium
pumps blood away from the heart
ventricle
largest artery
aorta
largest vein
vena cava
process by which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in food
respiration
products of respiration
air, trapping of dirt
warming of air; trapping of dirt
nasal cavity
aka throat; connected to the oral cavity
pharynx
aka windpipe; connects the larynx to the bronchi
trachea
prevents food from going to the lungs
epiglottis
aka the voice box; contain vocal chords
larynx
shorter, wider, more vertical
primary right bronchus
longer and narrower
primary left bronchus
—–> tertiary bronchi
secondary bronnchi
—-> alveoli
lungs
includes the breakdown of fodd into smaller parts, liquefying food etc
digestive system
eliminates waste through urine and regulates blood volume
urinary system
bean shaped organs about the size of your fist
kidney
filters blood and forms urine
kidney
kidney consits of functional units called
nephrons
the tuve leading from a kidney to the bladder
ureter
tube leading form the urinary bladder to an external opening (urethral opening) of the body
urethra
the sac at the base of the ureters that stores urine prior to excretion
urinary bladder
protects the delicate internal organs
skeletal system
production of blood cells
hematopoiesis
skeletal system
how many bones in the body
206
cranium, verbal coumn, sternum, ribcage
axial
pectoral, pelvic
girdle
limbs
appendicular
the outher body covering and special outgrowths such as scales, feathers, or hair that privude protecgtion etc
intrgumentary system
points of attachment; part does not move
origin
point of attachment; parts that does move
insertion
muscles that can be controlled such as tongue, triceps, biceps
voluntary
muscles that cannot be controlled like the heart and stomah
involuntary
how many musckes in the body
640
