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Pierce Vet Tech > Animal Diseases - Small Animals > Flashcards

Animal Diseases - Small Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Core Canine Vaccines?

A

Canine parvovirus
Canine distemper virus
Canine adenovirus
Rabies

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2
Q

Canine Influenza (CIV) infectious capability?

A

easily transferred by fomites (24hrs) and persists in environment (48hrs)

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3
Q

Canine Distemper Pathophysiology?

A

Ears will start to go flat, uncontrollable diarrhea combined with running nose, eyes, and mouth possibly cough. Affects lymphoid tissue and CNS

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4
Q

Canine Distemper spread?

A

Direct contact with aerosolized discharge or fomites.
Unstable in environment.
But If recovered can spread for months

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5
Q

Canine Distemper symptoms?

A

GI Upset
Fever
Respiratory
Neurologic

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6
Q

Canine Hepatitis Pathophysiology?

A 
Sore throat, coughing, pneumonia.
Kidney, liver damage
Seizures, increased thirst, Vomiting and diarrhea
Hepatitis blue eye
Death
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7
Q

Canine Hepatitis Spread?

A

Bodily fluids, aerosolized nasal materials, urine.

Recovered patient can spread up to 9 months

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8
Q

Leptospirosis spread?

A

Stagnant or slow moving water. Contact with infected urine. Bite wounds or ingestion of infected tissues.
Can penetrate mucous membrane or abraded skin.

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9
Q

Leptospirosis diagnosis?

A

Blood testing, paired titers, agglutination test, culture urine
Wont test positive until 10 days infected.

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10
Q

Leptospirosis treatment?

A

Fluids, antibiotics, antiemetics, treat any organ failure

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11
Q

Leptospirosis clinical signs?

A

Fever of 103-104
Shivering and muscle tenderness
Vomiting, dehydration, depression
Kidney +/- liver failure

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12
Q

Leptospirosis prevention?

A

Vaccinate every 6mo in high risk areas
Begin vaccination after 12 weeks of age
Avoid high risk soggy areas
Wear gloves when handling - zoonotic

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13
Q

Canine Parvovirus transmission?

A

Persists in environment 6 months or more.

Most prevalent in dogs 6 weeks - 20 weeks old

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14
Q

Canine Parvovirus clinical signs?

A

Destroys cells lining the intestinal tract
Anorexia
Depression
Vomiting
Diarrhea: watery and streaked with blood.
CBC: low WBC (<2,000/microliter)

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15
Q

Parvovirus treatment

A 
Supportive Care:
IV fluids
Antibiotics for secondary infections
Antiemetics
Possible blood transfusions
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16
Q

Canine Enteric Coronavirus symptoms?

A

Usually mild infections in young puppies under 6 weeks, causes vomiting and diarrhea seen alongside parvo virus

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17
Q

Infectious tracheobronchititis pathophysiology?

A

Mild, self-limiting disease of the upper respiratory tract

Caused by a combination of viral and bacterial infections

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18
Q

Kennel Cough caused by what combination?

A

Canine parainfluenza virus (CPI)
Canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2)
Bordetella bronchiseptica

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19
Q

Kennel cough clinical signs?

A

Harsh cough.
Mild fever.
Cough can be elicited on tracheal palpation

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20
Q

Kennel cough treatment?

A

TLC
Cough Suppression
Antibiotics

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21
Q

Feline Core Vaccines?

A

Feline Herpesvirus 1 (FHV 1)
Feline Calicivirus (FCV)
Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV)
Rabies

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22
Q

Infectious Diseases of Dogs?

A 
Canine Influenza
Canine Distemper
Canine Hepatitis
Canine Parvovirus
Canine Enteric Coronavirus
Infectious Tracheobronchitis – Kennel cough
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23
Q

Infectious Diseases of Cats?

A 
Feline Panleukopenia
Feline Rhinotracheitis
Feline Infectious Anemia
Feline Calicivirus
Feline Leukemia Virus Infection
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
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24
Q

Feline Panleukopenia Enteritis: Feline Distemper spread?

A

Caused by a Feline Parvo Virus (FPV)

Kittens 2 to 6 months of age most commonly infected

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25
Feline Panleukopenia Enteritis: Feline Distemper pathophysiology?
Infects rapidly dividing cells. Bone marrow supression, GI infection leads to damage similar to parvovirus
26
Pathophysiology of feline distemper in-utero infection?
Leads to still birth, still death, fetal reabsoption | can lead to hypoplasia and retinal dysplasia
27
Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia?
``` Depression Vomiting Diarrhea Severe Dehydration Panleukopenia: all leukocytes suppressed Death: High Mortality ```
28
Diagnosis of panleukopenia?
Canine Parvo ELISA test will detect FPV
29
Treatment of panleukopenia?
Fluid therapy Blood transfusion Antibiotics
30
Feline Calicivirus (FCV) pathophysiology?
Affects the respiratory system, eyes, joints, and hemolymphatic system
31
Clinical signs of FCV?
``` Anorexia Oral ulcers (stomatitis) Ocular and/or nasal discharge Fever Dyspnea Lameness Systemic hemorrhage ```
32
Treatment of FCV?
Supportive Care Antibiotics for secondary infections Pain control if arthritis is present Oxygen may be needed with pneumonia
33
FCV associated systemic disease pathophysiology?
Caused by a virulent strain of calicivirus Can infect cats that are current on vaccines Adult cats have the most severe disease. High mortality rate!!!! 33% TO 60% Highly Contagious!!!
34
Clinical Signs of FCV?
``` Same as calici virus and: Profound fever Marked subcutaneous edema of limbs and face. Crusting and ulceration of nose, lips, pinna and feet. Icterus Ulcerations on pads Limb edema Vaccination available ```
35
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis transmission?
aerosol droplets, contact w/ fomites, transplacentally
36
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis clinical findings?
``` Affects unvaccinated kittens and young cats Sneezing Ocular and nasal discharge Fever Anorexia and depression ```
37
Feline Infectious Anemia (Feline Hemobartonellosis) etiology?
``` Blood-borne bacterial infection of cats Mycoplasma haemofelis (previously Hemobartonella felis) gram-, intracellular bacteria replicate in RBC’s ```
38
Feline Infectious Anemia transmission?
Through arthropod vectors Saliva during bite wounds Transplacental Blood transfusion
39
Feline Infectious Anemia Clinical signs?
Those observed are associated w/ RBC destruction Acute: fever, pale and icteric mm’s Chronic: wt loss, weakness, depression, anorexia
40
Treatment for FIA?
Antibiotics (Tetracyclines)
41
Feline Leukemia Virus transmission?
Single stranded RNA virus | transmitted through saliva, in utero, via milk
42
Consequence of FeLV infection?
``` Immunosuppression Bone marrow suppression Leukemia Lymphosarcoma Wt Loss Lethargy Anorexia ```
43
Diagnosis of FeLV?
Snap test | Clinical signs
44
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission?
Through saliva | Viral disease of domestic cats and cheetas
45
Clinical signs of FIV?
``` Destruction of T-lymphs Chronic fever Chronic upper respiratory tract infections Gingivitis/stomatitis Chronic diarrhea Weight loss ```
46
Diagnosis of FIV?
ELISA test
47
Feline infectious peritonitis etiology and transmission?
Enveloped RNA virus Transmitted through oral ingestion, transplacental transmission 40-50% of infected cats also have FeLV infection Highly fatal virus disease of cats Causes sporadic outbreaks of disease
48
Clinical findings of FIP?
``` Most commonly affects 6 mo.-2 yr. old cats Recurrent fever Anorexia Wt. loss Chronic diarrhea Lethargy Weakness +/- peritoneal effusion or large inflammatory nodules in the liver/kidney/CNS/eye ```
49
Diagnosis of FIP?
``` Clinical signs CBC Blood chemistry Serology Abdominocentesis Biopsy of affected organs ```
50
Treatment/Prevention of FIP?
No treatment Prevent contact w/ FIP infected cats Vaccination – not very effective
51
6 Common Gastrointestinal Diseases?
``` Acute Gastritis Acute Pancreatitis Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Parvovirus Infection Salmon Poisoning Anal Sac Disease ```
52
Acute Gastritis pathophysiology?
Most common cause of vomiting in dogs | Characterized by mild inflammation of stomach wall with shallow erosion of gastric mucosa
53
Acute Gastritis etiology?
``` Ingestion of spoiled food. Ingestion of indigestible material. Ingestion of caustic materials. Ingestion of irritating drugs. Over eating ```
54
Acute Gastritis clinical signs?
Vomiting Abdominal Pain Depression
55
Acute Gastritis diagnosis?
History Clinical Signs Response to treatment
56
Acute Gastritis treatment?
Withhold food for 24 hours – feed mild food, highly digestible, low fiber Analgesics Antiemetics
57
Acute Pancreatitis pathophysiology?
Painful condition caused by inflammation of the pancreas | Results from acinar cell injury
58
Acute Pancreatitis etiology?
``` Nutrition Drugs Surgical procedures Pancreatic duct obstruction Duodenal/biliary reflux ```
59
Acute Pancreatitis typical patient?
Overweight to obese Middle Aged Female Recent fatty meal
60
Acute Pancreatitis breeds predisposed?
Schnauzer Poodle Cocker Spaniel Siamese cats
61
Clinical Signs of Acute pancreatitis?
``` Vomiting Anorexia Abdominal Pain Fever Dehydration Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Cats have vague, nonspecific signs ```
62
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?
History Clinical signs Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity (PLI) Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity (TLI) Lipase/Amylase CBC
63
Treatment of acute pancreatitis?
Withhold food for 48-72 hours Provide supportive treatment: IV fluids, antiemetics, analgesics, antibiotics Resume feeding 24-48 hrs. after vomiting stops
64
Gastric Dilation & Volvulus: GDV pathophysiology?
Painful condition in which the stomach dilates or fills with gas, then twists on itself. Both the inlet and outlet of the stomach are obstructed.
65
GDV Etiology?
``` Dilatation Swallowing of air Ingestion of food and water Volvulus Paraprandial exercise Deep-chested dogs w/ pendulous abdomen ```
66
GDV Clinical Findings?
``` Restlessness Non-productive retching Hyper salivation Abdominal Pain Abdominal distention with tympany Dyspnea Pale mucus membranes Weak pulse ```
67
GDV Diagnosis?
History Clinical Signs Radiographs: “Double Bubble” on Right
68
GDV Treatment?
Decompression by orogastric tube or percutaneous needle Warm water gastric lavage Treat for shock: IV fluids, glucocorticoids, antibiotics Surgery: Gastropexy to right abdominal wall
69
GDV Prevention?
Feed 2-3 small meals a day Avoid paraprandial exercise and ingestion of large volumes of water after exercise Avoid abrupt dietary changes
70
Salmon Poisoning Pathophysiology?
Highly fatal rickettsial disease transmitted by the Salmon Fluke. Common in the Western Cascade slopes from Washington to California.
71
Salmon Poisoning etiology?
Dog ingests larval form of the fluke in the raw flesh of Salmon or Trout. Fluke infects dog with the rickettsial organism, Neorickettsia helminthoeca. Neorickettsia helmithoeca causes the disease
72
Salmon Poisoning life cycle?
Adult Fluke inhabits intestine of the dog. Eggs pass in feces and enter water source. Eggs hatch into the first larval form. A snail, Oxytrema silicula, ingests the first larval form. The second larval form is released from the snail and infects the fish. Dog eats fish.
73
Clinical signs of salmon poisoning?
Fever Enlarged Lymph Nodes (lymphadenopathy) Diarrhea: Usually yellow colored, mucoid. Vomiting
74
Diagnosis of salmon poisoning?
Clinical Signs Fecal Smear: Fluke eggs are evident on fecal smears. Exposure to Salmon, Trout or rivers and streams containing these fish
75
Treatment of salmon poisoning?
Tetracycline or Doxycycline | Supportive Care: IV Fluids and antiemetics
76
Prevention of salmon poisoning?
Prophylactic Tetracycline or Doxycycline if dog ingests raw Salmon or Trout. Infected dogs should be treated with Praziquantel to kill the adult Flukes
77
Pathophysiology of Anal Sac Disease?
Abnormality of the paired anal sacs at anal opening | Causes pain and discomfort
78
Disease Etiology of Anal Sac Disease?
``` Small breed dogs more prevalent. Over weight Failure of glands to express normally. Poor muscle tone. Gland per secretion. ```
79
Clinical Signs of Anal Sac Disease?
Scooting perineum on the ground. Licking and chewing perineum. Painful perianal swelling. Draining tract in perineum.
80
Diagnosis of Anal Sac Disease?
Clinical Signs. | Rectal palpation of anal glands.
81
Treatment of Anal Sac Disease?
Flush duct and anal gland. Express anal gland. Antibiotics. Anti-inflammatory drugs.
82
Prevention of Anal Sac Disease?
Weight loss. Anal gland expression. High fiber meals to increase stool diameter.
83
4 Common Cardiovascular Diseases?
Congestive Heart Failure Dilated Cardiomyopathy Heartworm Disease Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
84
Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
Failure of heart to pump blood from the left side to meet metabolic needs or prevent pooling of blood in the pulmonary venous circulation.
85
Etiology of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
``` Pump Failure (Muscle Failure) left ventricle. Pressure overload. Systemic hypertension. Subaortic stenosis – narrowing of the vessels Volume overload of the left heart. Mitral valve dysplasia Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Ventral Septal Defect (VSD) ```
86
Clinical Signs of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
``` Weakness Lethargy Exercise intolerance Coughing: soft, often on waking. Tachypnea Increased CRT Possible heart murmur ```
87
Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
History Clinical signs Auscultation Radiographs – do quickly, sternum can be preferred and be aware of difficulty breathing Echocardiography – usually done by a specialist
88
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
Diuretics Restriction of sodium intake – low sodium prescription diet ACE inhibitors: Enalapril Diuretics: Furosemide Other heart meds: Digoxin, Calcium channel blockers, Beta blockers
89
Pathophysiology of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Dilation or enlargement of left or right chambers of the heart. Chamber gets bigger concurrent with thinning of the chamber walls. Dysfunction of the heart muscle resulting in reduced cardiac output. Dysfunction of heart valves resulting in CHF. More common in dogs In cats caused by lack of taurine
90
Etiology of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Majority of cases are idiopathic. Most common in large breed dogs: Dobermans, Great Danes, Boxers. Probably an abnormality of the contractile proteins in the heart muscle.
91
Clinical signs of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
``` Coughing Increased respiratory rate. Weight loss Lethargy, weakness. Abdominal distention Syncope: fainting due to lack of oxygen to the brain. ```
92
Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Radiographs: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart). Echocardiogram: Ventricular and atrial dilation. Electrocardiogram (EKG): abnormal rhythm and QRS complexes.
93
Treatment of Cardiomyopathy?
Enalapril, Spironolactone, Pimobendane. Lasix.
94
Prognosis with Cardiomyopathy?
Always fatal. | Death occurs 6 to 24 months following diagnosis.
95
Heartworm disease pathophysiology?
Caused by infection with heart worms, Dirofilaria immitus coming from mosquitos
96
Heartworm disease clinical signs?
``` Coughing. Tachycardia Exercise intolerance. Weight loss. Signs of Right sided CHF ```
97
Diagnosis of Heartworm disease?
ELISA tests Knotts test Radiographs
98
Treatment of Heartworm disease?
Melarsomine dihydrochloride (Immiticide): Kills the adult worms. Hospitalization during treatment to prevent stress. Treat R-CHF. Heart worm preventative drugs to kill the microfilaria.
99
Newer treatment of Heartworm disease?
Heartworm preventative used to decrease the microfilaria for 3 to 4 months prior to Immiticide treatment. Used in dogs that are not critically ill.
100
Monthly prevention of Heartworm disease?
Ivermectin: Heartgard Selamectin: Revolution Milabamycin: Interceptor
101
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy diagnosis?
``` Clinical signs Auscultation Radiographs Ultrasound Electrocardiogram (ECG) More common in cats than dogs ```
102
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy treatment?
Treat cardiac abnormalities. Diuretics (furosemide), beta blockers (propanolol), calcium channel blockers (diltiazem), vasodilators (enalapril), aspirin - buffered
103
Common diseases of the Eye?
``` Conjunctivitis Entropion Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca “Cherry Eye” Glaucoma ```
104
Pathophysiology of Conjunctivitis: Red Eye?
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids
105
Etiology of Conjunctivitis: Red Eye?
``` Infection Viral Bacterial Fungal Environmental irritation Foreign body Allergy ```
106
Clinical Signs of Conjunctivitis: Red Eye?
Red conjunctiva Chemosis: swelling of conjunctiva Pain Discharge
107
Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis: Red Eye?
History Clinical signs Cytology, Culture
108
Treatment of Conjunctivitis: Red Eye?
Eliminate primary cause | Topical medications: antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatory
109
Pathophysiology of Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1)
Common viral infection of cats. >80% cats infected as kittens. Causes upper respiratory and ocular signs.
110
Etiology of Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1)
Kittens infected by aerosolized virus contacting eyes and upper respiratory tract mucosa. Can cause respiratory signs and conjunctivitis. Clinical signs last 10 to 14 days. >80% of cats have latent infections that can recrudesce causing eye & respiratory signs later in life.
111
Clinical signs of Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1)
Chemosis Epiphora Discharge Sneezing
112
Diagnosis of Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1)
Clinical Signs | PCR from conjunctival or corneal swabs.
113
Treatment of Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1)
Antiviral eye drops. L-Lysine supplements. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops

Pierce Vet Tech (9 decks)

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