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biology- diverity > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What are the varieties of primrose morph resulting in self-inconpatibility?

A

Pin and thrum (only seed when 2 varieties crossed)

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2
Q

What are sexual polymorphisms?

A

the presence of several discrete heritable variants that co-exist within local populations, and which are subject to selection pressures arising from classical sexual selection

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3
Q

What is dioecy?

A

a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct male and female individual organisms. Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction.

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4
Q

What is gynodioecy?

A

Gynodioecy is the evolutionary intermediate stage between hermaphroditism (exhibiting both female and male parts) and dioecy (having two distinct morphs: male and female).

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5
Q

What is agamospermy?

A

Agamospermy is the asexual production of seeds and embryos without fertilization or meiosis. = CLONAL

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6
Q

What is autogamy?

A

self-fertilization

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7
Q

What is panmixis?

A

random mating

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8
Q

What is apomixis?

A

apomixis is asexual reproduction without fertilization

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9
Q

What is Dichogamy?

A

temporal separation of sexual organs

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10
Q

What is Herkogamy?

A

Spacial separation of sexual organs

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11
Q

What is the heteromophic S-locus?

A

‘SUPERGENE’ controls SI and morphological characters

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12
Q

Genetic consequence of selfing?

A

Alunt of genetically determined variation will deecline over time

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13
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of agamospermy

A 
\+ reproductive assurance
\+ fixes well-adapted genotypes
- narrow niche tolerance
- evolutionary DEADEND
-Mullers Ratchet ( cant escape bad mutations)
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14
Q

What is secondary thickening?

A

The formation of new tissue by the repeated lateral division of cells in the cambium of a woody plant, adding successive layers of new growth

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15
Q

What is apocarpy?

A

the female reproductive organs (carpels) of a flower are not joined to each other. It occurs, for example, in the buttercup

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16
Q

What is a dehiscent fruit?

A

characterized by splitting or bursting open.

17
Q

What is entomophily?

A

pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects

18
Q

What is synapomorphy?

A

a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants.

19
Q

What is paedomorphosis?

A

retaining juvenile features as an adult.

20
Q

Benefit of paedomorphosis in angiosperms?

A

faster life cycles

21
Q

3 key innovations of south african ice plant clade Aizoaceae

A

1- wide band tracheiods
2- cylindrical leaves
3- hygrochastic capsules (fruit only open and release seeds when moist)

22
Q

What is synnovation?

A

combination of diff. innovations drives diversifications

23
Q

Key confluence of Bromeliads (epiphytes)?

A

Synnovation of epiphytism (+associated tank habit) and entangled seeds, sticky seeds, sucking seeds.

24
Q

What is a bitegmic ovule?

A

having two integuments

25
Q

What is the difference between monosulcate and trisulcate pollen apertures?

A

When there is only one polar furrow, the pollen is called monosulcate . When three apertures are present, the pollen is named trisulcate

26
Q

What is paleobacterial redux

A

revisiting the age of the angiosperms

27
Q

What is angiosperms closest sister group?

A

Gnetales

28
Q

What is the name of the paraphyletic grade at the base of angiosperms?

A

ANITA

29
Q

What is a gentale?

A

extant gymnosperm which is functionally dioecious

30
Q

Why was the discovery of the archaefructus important?

A

a late Jurassic angiosperm? small aquatic plant with seeds in a carpel- disputed angiosperms appearing in Cretaceous

31
Q

Name 3 plant types contained within dicotyledons

A

daisies, buttercups, cacti, legumes, water lily

32
Q

Name 3 flower types found within monocotyledons

A

grass, sedges, petaloid monocots; orchid, tulip, palm tree

33
Q

What is a dicotyledon?

A

a flowering plant with an embryo that bears two cotyledons (seed leaves)

34
Q

What is a monocotyledon?

A

flowering plant with an embryo that bears a single cotyledon (seed leaf)

biology- diverity (7 decks)

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