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Pharmacology & Anesthesiology > Anesthetic Equipment > Flashcards

Anesthetic Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

the high pressure system of the anesthetic machine runs from and is approximately __________psi

A

gas cylinder to pressure regulator; 2200 psi

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2
Q

the intermediate pressure system runs from _________ to __________ and is approximately _____ psi

A

pressure regulator to flow meter; 50-60psi

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3
Q

the ________ marks the start of the low pressure system and drops the pressure to ______ psi

A

flow meter; 15

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4
Q

by the time the gas gets to the patient it is about what pressure

A

10 psi or less

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5
Q

the flow of oxygen should be enough to

A

meet metabolic requirements

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6
Q

what is the purpose of oxygen

A

carrier gas (we also need it for cellular respiration)

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7
Q

what is a benefit of nitrous oxide over oxygen and why do we not use it at OVC (or often anymore for that matter)

A

it has a MAC sparing effect; decreases the proportion of oxygen so can decrease oxygen supply during anesthesia

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8
Q

what are the 2 sizes of gas cylinders

A

E and H

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9
Q

a full tank (E or H) has what pressure

A

2200 psi

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10
Q

does liquid oxygen (like the tank at ovc) have higher or lower psi than a gas cylinder

A

lower (approx 130 psi versus 2200 psi)

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11
Q

how do we determine the amount of oxygen in L in an E tank? what is this amount for a full tank

A

amount (L): psi x 0.3

for a full tank: 2200 psi x 0.3 = 660L

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12
Q

how do we determine the amount of oxygen in L in an H tank? what is this amount for a full tank?

A

amount (L): psi x 3

for a full tank: 2200 psi x 3 = 6600L

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13
Q

T/F H larger tanks can be grouped to maintain constant supply and avoid frequent changing of regulators

A

T

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14
Q

1L of liquid oxygen = ___ L of gas

A

860

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15
Q

T/F 1L of liquid oxygen gives you more L of gas than an entire H tank

A

F; more than an E tank

1L of liquid oxygen = 860 L
E tank: 660 L
H tank: 6600 L

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16
Q

oxygen comes out of liquid tank at what pressure

A

50-60 psi

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the Yoke index for E tanks

A

they prevent attaching the wrong gas tank to your anesthetic machine: pins are specific to the gas tank

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18
Q

what way do you turn to open and close a gas tank

A

open: to the left (counterclockwise)
close: to the right (clockwise)

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19
Q

what establishes your intermediate pressure system

A

pressure regulator

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20
Q

what is the role of the flow meter

A

drives gas to fulfill tidal volume of patient; allows delivery of precise amount of oxygen to meet patient requirements and acts as carrier gas for inhalational anesthetic

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21
Q

the pressure through the flow meter is

A

15psi

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22
Q

what establishes the low pressure system

A

flow meter

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23
Q

how do you read a bobbin vs ball

A

bobbin: from top
ball: from middle

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24
Q

what is the VO2 metabolic requirement of patients (minimum flow of oxygen to maintain aerobic metabolism)

A

5-10 ml/kg/min

25
Q

what are the 2 types of rebreathing circuits

A

circle and F

26
Q

what is the name for the non-rebreathing circuit

A

Bain

27
Q

why do you not need to have soda lime to remove CO2 from a non-rebreathing circuit

A

because the system uses FGF to drive CO2 out of the system

28
Q

the FGF for a rebreathing system is _________ ml/kg/min, but it requires a (higher/lower) FGF if the system is semi-closed, which is about ________ ml/kg/min

A

10-100; higher; 50-100

29
Q

what is the flow for a non-rebreathing system

A

200 ml/kg/min

30
Q

what is the role of the vaporizer

A

converts liquid anesthetic to gas; allows for precise delivery of the desired concentration

31
Q

T/F vaporizers have precision: meaning that the output is accurate at dialled concentrations and we can guarantee that is the concentration the animal is receiving

A

F: does not mean that is what the animal is getting UNTIL it is at equilibrium

32
Q

anesthetic vaporizers have variable by-pass…. what does this mean?

A

part of the flow goes into the chamber where the liquid anesthetic is vaporized and part of the flow bypasses the chamber

33
Q

most vaporizers are in or out of the circuit

A

out

34
Q

T/F it is important to maintain room temperature at a constant as the vaporizers cannot accomodate for temperature fluctations

A

F

35
Q

vaporizers maintain accurate output despite of FGF between what range of flow

A

300 mL/min to 10 L/min

36
Q

do anesthetic vaporizers have low or high resistance and why

A

high: variable bypass and small tubing

37
Q

what is the minimum FGF to put a patient on regardless of size

A

1L/min

38
Q

what is the role of unidirectional valves

A

prevent backflow through the opposite limb

39
Q

unidirectional valves are only used on ____________ systems

A

rebreating

40
Q

T/F unidirectional valves are only used with a Bain circuit

A

F: circle or F circuit

41
Q

the patients tidal volume is delivered by what parts of the anesthetic machine (i.e where is it breathing the gas from)

A

from the rebreathing bag and from the anesthetic circuit itself (the hoses)

42
Q

how is CO2 removed from gases before entering the inspiratory valve

A

via soda lime: specifically, flow is directed through the soda lime as it leaves the rebreathing bag or before entering the rebreathing bag

43
Q

how can we manually ventilate a patient

A

by applying intermittent positive pressure to the rebreathing bag (i.e. by squeezing the rebreathing bag)

44
Q

how do we select a rebreathing bag size

A

Vt x 3, which equates to 60 ml/kg (since tidal volume is on average 20ml/kg)

45
Q

how does soda lime differ before and after use

A

before: creamy-white, soft, easily crumbled, and moist

after: purple, hard, dry

46
Q

what does sodalime consist of

A

active ingredients, water and a pH indicator

47
Q

soda lime is only applicable to what system

A

rebreathing

48
Q

why does a non-rebreathing system not need CO2

A

uses high FGF to remove CO2 from the system

49
Q

what is the composition of soda lime (4)

A

1) 15% water
2) 80% calcium hydroxide
3) 4% sodium hydroxide
4) 1% potassium hydroxide

50
Q

what should the manometer read if spontaneous breathing? what about if mechanical ventilation is occuring

A

spontaneous breathing: 0 cm H2O

mechanical ventilation: should rise to 20 cm H2O

51
Q

what is the role of the oxygen flush valve

A

delivers emergency O2 to the patient

52
Q

what is a downside of the oxygen flush valve

A

it bypasses the flowmeter and the vaporizer so it dilutes the [anesthetic] in the circuit and patient

53
Q

another con of the oxygen flush valve is it delivers ______% oxygen at _________ flow (_______L/min) and __________ pressure (_______ psi)

A

100%; high (40-70 L/min); intermediate (50-60 psi)

54
Q

you should NEVER use an oxygen flush valve on what type of circuit and why

A

on a non-rebreathing; it delivers high flows directly to animals airway and risks trauma

55
Q

what is the role of the common gas outlet

A

outlet for all gases that have passed through/over the vaporizer and through the flow meter; also the exit point for the oxygen flush

56
Q

the pop-off valve should be _____ for spontaneous ventilation and ____ for mechanical ventilation

A

open; closed

57
Q

ventilators have a spill valve that releases pressure during the (inspiratory/expiratory) phase

A

expiratory

58
Q

if present, an interface will be located between what

A

the pop-off valve and the scavenge system

59
Q

what is the role of the interface

A

controls the flow of exhaled gases coming from the scavenger and centralizes the scavenging system

Pharmacology & Anesthesiology (22 decks)

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