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Anesthesiology Flashcards

1
Q

Lidocaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • rapid onset
  • intermediate duration
  • analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic effects
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2
Q

Mepivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • intermediate duration
  • anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, analgesic effects
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3
Q

Bupivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • slow onset of action
  • long duration
  • more cardio toxic than others
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4
Q

Levobupivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • slow onset of action
  • long duration
  • less cardio toxic than bupivacaine
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5
Q

Ropivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • slow onset of action
  • long duration
  • low cardiac and CNS toxicity
  • high concentration => faster onset
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6
Q

Adjuvants we can use with local anesthetic

A
  • epinephrine
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • alpha 2 agonist
  • opioids
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7
Q

Phenothiazines

A
  • uses as premedication
  • tranquilization, sedation
  • no analgesia
  • effects : hypotension, hypothermia, anti-emetic, anti- arrhythmic, anti-histaminic
  • most common drug : acepromazine
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8
Q

Butyrophenone

A
  • uses as premedication
  • excitement before sedation
  • anti-emetic
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9
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • uses as premedication
  • anxiolytic
  • myorelaxant
  • appetite stimulation
    No benzodiazepines are licensed for vet use
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10
Q

Diazepam

A
  • uses as premedication
  • only i.v (painful and slow absorption i.m)
  • benzodiazepine
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11
Q

Midazolam

A
  • uses as premedication
  • benzodiazepine
  • high potency but short action
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12
Q

Zolazepam

A
  • uses as premedication
  • benzodiazepine
  • short-acting
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13
Q

Benzodiazepine antagonist example

A

Flumazenil

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14
Q

Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist

A
  • uses as premedication
  • anxiolytic
  • sedation, analgesia
  • myorelaxant
  • bradycardia
  • emesis
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15
Q

Xylazine

A
  • uses as premedication
  • alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
  • onset 5-15min
  • duration up to 60e in (dose dependent)
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16
Q

Medetomidine

A
  • uses as premedication
  • alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
  • sedation for short procedure
  • short analgesia
  • analgesia lasts 15-30min
  • sedation lasts 1-2h
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17
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A
  • uses as premedication
  • alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
  • sedation, analgesia
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18
Q

Detomidine

A
  • uses as premedication
  • alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
  • analgesia, sedation,
  • mainly in large animals
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19
Q

Romifidine

A
  • uses as premedication
  • alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
  • long acting
  • increase urine prod
  • increase sodium and glucose excretion
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20
Q

Alpha 2 antagonist + examples

A
  • block alpha 2 adrenoceptor
  • atipamezole : antagonist of medetomidine, xylazine
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21
Q

Anticholinergics + examples

A
  • uses as premedication for procédures that will produce vagal stimulation
  • reduce salivation, bronchi dilation, reduce GI motility, tachycardia
  • atropine
  • glycopyrrolate
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22
Q

Barbiturates

A
  • use for induction
  • anesthetic, anticonvulsant
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23
Q

Thiopental

A
  • use for induction
  • barbiturate
  • strictly i.v
  • rapid onset, short action
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24
Q

Propofol

A
  • use for induction
  • sedation
  • also for maintenance of anesthesia
  • rapid onset
  • anticonvulsant, myorelaxant
  • strictly i.v
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25
Etomidate
- use for induction - hypnotic - short action - NO analgesia
26
Ketamine
- use for induction - dissociative anesthetic - bronchodilation - rapid onset, short duration - can be done i.m
27
Alfaxalone
- use for induction - short duration - i.v only
28
Halothane
- inhalation anesthesia
29
Isoflurane
- inhalation anesthesia
30
Sevoflurane
- inhalation anesthesia
31
Desflurane
- inhalation anesthesia - fast induction/recovery
32
Pancurium
- neuromuscular blocking agent - can last up to 90min
33
Rocurium
- neuromuscular blocking agent - intermediate duration - rapid onset
34
Atracurium
- neuromuscular blocking agent - intermediate duration
35
Example of reversing/antagonizing of NMBA
- neostigmine - physostigmine
36
Morphine
- opioid - analgesia - side effect : vomiting, defecation
37
Oxymorphone
- opioid - analgesia - mild sedation
38
Hydromorphone
- opioid - analgesia
39
Meperidine
- opioid - analgesia (short : 1-2h) - myorelaxant
40
Methadone
- opioid - analgesia (prolonged)
41
Fentanyl
- opioid - analgesia - quick onset
42
Sufentanyl
- opioid - analgesia - fentanyl derivatives
43
Alfentanyl
- opioid - analgesia - fentanyl derivatives
44
Remifentanyl
- opioid - analgesia - fentanyl derivatives
45
Buprenorphine
- opioid - analgesia - all routes of admin
46
Butorphanol
- opioid - analgesia - several routes of admin
47
Tramadol
- opioid - analgesia
48
Flunixin meglumine
- NSAID
49
Carprofen
- NSAID - long acting
50
Robenacoxib
- NSAID
51
Ketoprofen
- NSAID - can be used on long term management
52
Meloxicam
- NSAID
53
Tolfenamic acid
- NSAID
54
Firocoxin
- NSAID
55
Mavacoxib
- NSAID
56
Grapiprant
- NSAID
57
Amantadine
- analgesia (limited for chronic)
58
Amitriptyline
- for behavioral disorders - for idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease - for neuropathic pain
59
Gabapentin
- analgesic (GABA analogue)
60
Bedinvetmab
- analgesic (mainly osteoarthritis)

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