Anesthesia of the Horse Flashcards
What is a common side effect in stallions caused by acepromazine?
Penile/prolapse-this is a reversible side effect
What is an adverse effect of xylazine in horses?
Abortion in the 3rd trimester-alpha-2 agonists increase contractions causing abortions in horses
Where are equine catheterized and what size needle is used?
Jugular vein-12 g. needle
How long should a horse be fasted pre-anesthesia?
4-6 hours and withhold water for 2 hours
What precaution is taken to ensure foreign matter doesn’t contaminate the lungs?
Rinse mouth with pressurized water
What are the 7 drugs given as pre-medication in equine?
A2-Agonist, ACP, Butorphanol, Methadone, Morphine, Flunixine Meglumine, Meloxicam
What muscle relaxant is commonly administered before induction agents are given?
GGE: Glyceryl guaicolate ether (Guifinasone)
What is the average ETT size for a 500 kg horse?
26 mm
T/F: You should flex the neck when trying to intubate equine.
FALSE. You should extend the neck when trying to intubate. Flex the neck when trying to insert a stomach tube
How do you make sure adequate venous return is occurring during surgery in terms of positioning the horse?
Spread limbs apart
What is the oxygen flow rate for induction vs. maintenance.
20 mL/kg/min-induction
10 mL/kg/min-maintenance
What drugs are used in the ‘Triple Dip’?
Ketamine + GGE + Xylazine
What types of myopathies are seen in equine accompanied with rhabdomyolysis?
Compartmental myopathy and malignant hyperthermia
What anesthetic vapor commonly predisposes equine to myopathy problems?
Halothane
What are the 6 p’s associated with compartmental myopathy?
Pain, paresis, paralysis, pallor, pulselessness, poikilothermia
What is the gene affected that predisposes an animal to malignant hyperthermia?
RyR1 gene- dysfunctional release of excessive Ca into sarcoplasm
What is the drug used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
What is a rare genetic trait affecting quarter horses causing failure of Na channels to deactivate?
Hyperkalemic periodic paresis-excessive Na influx and K outflux in muscle cells
What are the treatment options for HPP?
Increase K excretion by administering acetazolamide, dextrose and Ca gluconate
What are common nerves that are affected from incorrect positioning during surgery?
Facial, Radial and spinal malacia nerve
T/F: When premedication is given to foals, always do so in the presence of their mother.
TRUE. Benzodiazepine and butorphanol combined for pre-meds
What percentage do you increase dose by in donkeys due to the resistance towards sedatives?
30% increase
