Anemias Flashcards
Impoverished condition of blood caused by reduction of rbc, hgb or both
Anemia
Considered to be present if the hgb of the hct is _____ reference interval for the individual’s sex, age and geographic location.
Below the lower limit of the 95%
Decreased in erythrocytes and hemoglobin resulting in decreased oxygen delivery in the tissue
Anemia
Classified morphology using
RBC INDICES (MCV, MCH,MCHC)
Etiology or cause
Suspected anemia
Hgb = <12 g/dl in men
<11 g/dl in women
Pigment seen in stool
Stercobilin
Total production of RBC
Total erythropoiesis
Measured in M:E ratio, urobilinogen
Total erythropoiesis
Production of RBC that reach the circulation of the peripheral measured by EBC turned over of the utilization
Effective erythropoiesis
Effective erythropoiesis utilized
Iron content
Retic count
Identify RBC lifespan
Clinical signs and symptoms of Anemia
Log hgb and blood volume
Fatigue
Dyspnea on excretion
Faintness
Vertigo
Palpitations
Headache
(LoFaDyFa VePaH)
Common signs and symptoms of Anemia
Pallor
Rapid bounding pulse
Low Blood pressure
Slight fever
Some dependent edema
Systolic murmurs
Classification of Anemia
Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Normocytic Normochromic Anemia
Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia lab findings
MCV is 96 fl; MCHC normal
Red cell is macrocytic
Oval shape
Retic count is low
Total white cell and platelets is moderately reduced
Types of macrocytic normal anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Non- megaloblastic anemia
Causes of Megaloblastic Anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency - pernicious anemia
Folic acid deficiency
Abnormalities of Vit.B12 (folate metabolism)
Inherited disorders of DNA synthesis
Drug-induced disorders of DNA synthesis
ViFAID
Causes of Non- megaloblastic anemia
Liver disease
Alcohol
Obscure causes (hypoplastic/aplastic anemia)
Cytotoxic drugs
Increased membrane surface area
Accelerated erythropoiesis
Normal RBC morphology - drop of hgb, hct and rbc count
Increased bone marrow activity
Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia
MCV <80 fl
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Causes of microcytic Hypochromic anemia
Disorder on porphyrin & heme synthesis as in SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
Iron deficiency
Disorder in globin synthesis as in Thalassemia
Disorder in iron metabolism
PIGI
Aniso and poikilocytosis
Microcytic Hypochromic anemia
In microcytic Hypochromic anemia, ________ are Hypochromic with increased in central pallor
Erythrocyte
Present in microcytic Hypochromic anemia
Elliptocytic and pencil-shaped form
MCV 80-90 fl;
BM shows normoblastic rather than megaloblastic
Normocytic Normochromic anemia
Causes of Normocytic Normochromic Anemia
Recent blood loss
Hemolytic anemia
Hypoplastic bone marrow
Overexpansion of plasma volume
Chronic disease
Liver disease
Endocrine abnormality
Infiltrated BM
Renal disorder
RHHOCLEIR
Normocytic Normochromic anemia lab findings
Plasma volume and red cell volume - reduced in proportionate amount
Hct is NORMAL
Platelet count and plasma fibrinogen REDUCED
Neurophilic leukocytosis is present
Increase retics count due to acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia and response to specific therapy in nutritional anemia
Normocytic Normochromic anemia with EFFECTIVE ERYTHROPOIESIS
