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2. Hema > Anemia Part 1 > Flashcards

Anemia Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is a condition in which number
of RBC or Hgb concentration is lower than the normal.

A

Anemia

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2
Q

Anemia is a condition in which number
of RBC or Hgb concentration is _______ (lower or higher) than the normal.

A

Lower

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3
Q

Etiology of anemia:

A

Thalassemia major
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Leukemia

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4
Q

is a manifestation of a certain disease associated with a decrease in the red blood cell, decrease in hematocrit and a decrease in hemoglobin.

A

Anemia

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5
Q

Anemia is a manifestation of a certain disease associated with a decrease in the __________, decrease in __________ and
a decrease in ___________.

A

red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin

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6
Q

There is a different definition for Anemia we have

A

Funtional
Operational
Conventional

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7
Q

Anaimia is a greek word of

A

Lack of blood

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8
Q

An means

A

Lack

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9
Q

Haima means

A

Blood

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10
Q

Functional of anemia:

A

Decrease oxygen carrying in blood

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11
Q

Operational anemia:

A

Reduction of total number of red blood cell

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12
Q

Conventional of anemia

A

Decrease in red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin below normal

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13
Q

Clinical Findings of Anemia:

A

History
Physical examination
Signs and symptoms
Laboratory procedures

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14
Q

Sign and symptoms of anemia most common:

A

Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Weakness

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15
Q

History of Patient:

A

Diet
Bleeding history
Drug ingestion
Travel
Previous drugs

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16
Q

Physical examination

A

Skin: pallor
Eyes: hemorrhage
Mouth: mucosal bleeding
Cardiac murmurs
Vital signs: temp, blood pressure and heart rate

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17
Q

General causes of Anemia

A

Decreased of red blood cells
Increased red blood cell reduction
Blood loss

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18
Q

Anemia due to decreased production of RBC:

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Thalassemia anemia
Sideroblastoc anemia
Aplastic anemia

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19
Q

Anemia due to increased destruction of RBC

A

Intracorpuscular abnormalities
Extracorpuscular abnormalities

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20
Q

Intracorpuscular abnormalities:

A

Enzyme deficiency
Membrane defect
Globin abnormality
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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21
Q

Extracorpuscular abnormalities:

A

Mechanical
Infection
Chemical and physical agent
Antibody mediated anemia

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22
Q

Anemia due to blood loss:

A

Acute post hemorrhagic anemia
Chronic post hemorrhagic anemia

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23
Q

Laboratory test for Anemia assessment

A

Complete blood count
Reticulocyte count
Iron studies
Urinalysis
Fecalysis

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24
Q

Morphological Classification of Anemia:

A

Microcytic normochromic anemia ( decrease rbc)
Macrocytic normochromic anemia
Normocytic normochromic anemia (aplastic anemia)

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25
Q

Morphological under SIGA

A

Microcytic

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26
Q

Morphological under MNM

A

Macrocytic

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27
Q

3 stages of Iron Deficiency:

A

Stage 1: iron depletion
Stage 2: exhaustion of storage pool of iron
Stage 3: frank anemia

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28
Q

Stage 1: iron depletion result

A

Normal: Hb, serum iron, total iron binding capacity
Low: ferritin

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29
Q

Stage 2: exhaustion of storage pool of iron result

A

Normal: hb and rbc dev
Decrease: serum iron & ferritin
Increase: tibc

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30
Q

Stage 3: frank anemia result

A

Decrease: hb, serum iron, ferritin
Increase: tibc

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31
Q

will measure the
circulating iron that is bound to
transferring

A

Serum iron

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32
Q

measure the capacity of
iron to bind transferrin

A

Total iron binding capacity

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33
Q

protein that are used for
storge of iron

A

Ferritin

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34
Q

Size of RBC

A

Anisocytosis

35
Q

Shape of Rbc

A

Poikilocytosis

36
Q

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia:

A

Ferry sulfate supplements
Avoid late sleep
Eat nutritious food

37
Q

CATEGORIES OF LAB DIAGNOSIS FOR ANEMIA: screening

A

Complete blood count
Red blood cells indices

38
Q

CATEGORIES OF LAB DIAGNOSIS FOR ANEMIA: diagnostic

A

Backbone of anemia
Iron studie

39
Q

CATEGORIES OF LAB DIAGNOSIS FOR ANEMIA: specialize:

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Underlying causes

40
Q

SEVERE TYPE OF IRON DEFICIENCY:

A

Smooth tongue and koilonychia in iron deficiency

41
Q

a condition also referred to as
“spoon-shaped nails,” is associated with iron
deficiency in which the fingernails are thin, brittle,
and concave with raised edges.

A

Koilonychia

42
Q

Koilonychia a condition also referred to as
“_____________,” is associated with iron
deficiency in which the fingernails are thin, brittle,
and concave with raised edges.

A

spoon-shaped nails

43
Q

Condition where there’s a craving for uncertain food. Ex: dirt, clay, chalk

A

PICA

44
Q

Love eating ice clinical term

A

Pagophagia

45
Q

develop when the incorporation of iron into heme is blocked.

A

Sideroblastic anemia

46
Q

Sideroblastic primary cause

A

Genetic

47
Q

Sideroblastic secondary cause:

A

Alchohol
Food fad
Iron in water

48
Q

2 type of sideroblastic anemia

A

Hereditary sideroblastic anemia
Primary acquired sideroblastic anemia

49
Q

due to a congenital enzyme defect delta amino-levulinic acid
synthetase or heme synthetase

A

Hereditary Sideroblastic anemia

50
Q

due to somatic mutation of the erythroid progenitor cells that
cause either defects in heme synthesis or defects in DNA
synthesis

A

Primary acquired sideroblastic anemia

51
Q

Rare disease caused by accumulation of
porphyrins in developing RBC’s

A

Porphyria

52
Q

Clinical features: poisoning

A

Skin problem
Impaired production of heme
Neurologic complication

53
Q

anemia associated with systemic diseases:

A

Arthritis
Tuberculosis
Human immunodeficiency virus
Malignancies

54
Q

second most common type of anemia

A

Anemia due to chronic disease

55
Q

inherited disorders caused by genetic alterations that reduce
or preclude the synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin
tetramer.

A

Thalassemia

56
Q

Thalassemia predominant in

A

Mediterranean
African and asian ancestry

57
Q

Thalassemia first describe by

A

Cooley and lee (1925)

58
Q

Type of thalassemia

A

Alpha and beta thalassemia
Hemoglobin lepore

59
Q

Type of thalassemia

A

Alpha and beta thalassemia
Hemoglobin lepore

60
Q

most severe form
and transfusion
dependent anemia

A

Thalassemia major/cooley’s anemia

61
Q

more severe
anemia than minor
B-thalassemia but
do not require
regular transfusion

A

Intermediate beta thalassemia/ thalassemia intermedia

62
Q

results when one of
the 2 genes that
produce beta globin
is defective

A

Thalassemia minor/ cooley’s trait

63
Q

thalassemia with increased levels of fetal hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin persistence Of hemoglobin F

64
Q

a rare class of thalassemia caused by crossing over of beta
and delta genes

A

Hemoglobin lepore

65
Q

is a double heterozygous abnormality and the abnormal genes for Hb S and thalassemia are co-
inherited

A

Hemoglobin S- thalassemia

66
Q

β thalassemia with inherited Hb C

A

Hemoglobin C- thalassemia

67
Q

co-inherited of Hemoglobin E and β thalassemia that results
to a marked reduction of β chain production.

A

Hemoglobin E- thalassemia

68
Q

LABORATORY FINDINGS OF THALASSEMIA

A

Complete blood count
Mass spectrometry
Electrophoresis
Supravital stain

69
Q

disorder in the DNA synthesis of RBC

A

Megaloblastic anemia

70
Q

Type of megaloblastic:

A

Pernicious anemia
Folic acid deficiency

71
Q

This test will determine or distinguish whether the problem is
impaired absorption or malabsorption of B12 from other causes.

A

Schilling test

72
Q

Pernicious vitamin that effects

A

Vitamin B 12

73
Q

Treatment of megaloblstic anemia

A

Vitamin therapy and supplement therapy

74
Q

Laboratory Findings of Megaloblastic Anemia:

A

Complete blood count
Peripheral smear
Decrease reticulocyte count

75
Q

anemia caused by conditions such as alcoholism and chronic liver disease

A

Non-Megaloblastic anemia

76
Q

characterized by premature RBC destruction caused by
autoantibodies that bind the RBC surface.

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

77
Q

characterized by premature RBC destruction caused by
autoantibodies that bind the RBC surface.

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

78
Q

Types of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

A

Warm reactive autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Cold reactive autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

79
Q

Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: drugs involved in

A

Penicillin
Stibophen
Alpha methyldopa

80
Q

usually occurs in newborns following the transplacental passage
of maternal anti-fetal red cells antibody.

A

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

81
Q

Alloimunne hemolytic anemia causes

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis
Isoimmune hemolytic disease of newborn

82
Q

Alloimunne hemolytic anemia causes

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis
Isoimmune hemolytic disease of newborn

83
Q

self-limiting, but severe even fatal following the administration of
drug that can cause immune hemolytic anemia

A

Drug induced immune hemolytic anemia

2. Hema (7 decks)

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