Anemia 2

Question 1

When do you see non-responsive bone marrow?

Answer 1

Early blood loss or destruction

Deffective or decreased RBC production

Question 2

What two things are not helpful in diagnosing non-regenerative anemia?

Answer 2

Size

RBC morphology

Question 3

What is an exception to size not being helpful in diagnosing non-regenerative anemia?

Answer 3

FeLV induced macrocytosis

Question 4

What will you need to diagnose non-regenerative anema?

Answer 4

Bone marrow aspirate

Question 5

What are two bone marrow problems that can cause anemia?

Answer 5

Generalized (all cell lines decreased)

Red cell problems (hypo/aplasia)

Question 6

What are 3 major causes off general bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia)?

Answer 6

Infectious agents (Ehrlichia, FeLV)
Immune-mediated destruction
Drugs and Chemicals

Question 7

What type of drugs are most likely to cause aplastic anemia?

Answer 7

Antineoplastics (destroy fast replicating cells)

Question 8

What toxin commonly causes aplastic anemia?

Answer 8

Benzene

Question 9

What hormone can cause aplastic anemia in dogs and ferrets?

Answer 9

Estrogen (iatrogenic, granulosa cell tumors, sertoli cell tumours, unspayed female ferrets)

Question 10

What 3 infectious agents can cause aplastic anemia?

Answer 10

FeLV
Ehrlichia canis
EIA

Question 11

What are two causes for antibodies to be directed against the stem cells?

Answer 11

Drug induced

Idiopathic

Question 12

How common is pure red cell aplasia?

Answer 12

Rare

Question 13

What are two causes of erythroid aplasia?

Answer 13

Immune mediated destruction of RBC precursors

FeLV

Question 14

What are 3 causes of INSTRINSIC erythroid hypoplasia?

Answer 14

Myelodysplasia (pre-neoplastic)
Leukemia
Immune mediated destruction of erythroid precursors

Question 15

What are 3 causes of EXTRINSIC erythroid hypoplasia?

Answer 15

Chronic renal disease
Endocrine disorders
Inflammatory disease

Question 16

What are most erythroid hypoplasias? Intrinsic or extrinsic?

Answer 16

Extrinsic

Question 17

What are 5 reasons that renal disease causes anemia?

Answer 17

Not enough EPO
Uremic toxins
Excess PTH
Hypocalcemia
Bleeding tendencies

Question 18

Why does hypocalcemia cause anemia?

Answer 18

Vit. D is activated in the kidney, so PTH is increased to pull Ca2+ out of bone.

Question 19

Why does inflammatory disease cause anemia?

Answer 19

Low serum iron, but increased iron storage so it’s not available for the RBC precursors

Question 20

What is the mechanism behind anemia of inflammatory disease?

Answer 20

LPS (G- cell wall) and IL-6 induce hepatic production of Hepcidin which regulates iron homeostasis by inhibiting cellular efflux of iron by induing internalization and degredation of ferroportin.

Question 21

What is ferroportin?

Answer 21

Exclusive transporter of iron out of cells.

Question 22

What is the most common cause of endocrine related anemia?

Answer 22

Hypothyroidism

Question 23

How does hypothyroidism cause anemia?

Answer 23

Decreased metabolism

Question 24

What is another cause of endocrine related anemia?

Answer 24

Hypoadrenocorticism

Question 25

What is anemia due to hyperadrenocorticism often masked by?

Answer 25

Mild anemia is masked by dehydration