Anemia Flashcards
What is sickle cell anemia?
anemia caused by sickle shaped RBCs. RBCs cannot store enough hgb due to shape, they lyse more quickly than normal RBCs. cell lysis is what causes anemia.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
when iron loss is greater than iron intake and once ferritin stores run out body is unable to make Hgb
What is pernicious anemia?
anemia cause by vitamin b-12 deficiency. can be caused by: alcohol abuse, surgery, smoking, vegetarian diet, long-term use of PPIs
what are gerontologic considerations for anemia?
anemia is NOT normal for older adults
often r/t an underlying cause
other health conditions can overshadow or mask the s/s of anemia
anemia is more common in adults over age 70
what are some clinical manifestations of anemia?
yellow eyes, pallor, cold skin, SOB, fatigue, bone pain, cold sensitivity, dizziness, hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, tachypnea, enlarged spleen, orthostatic hypotension
what are clinical manifestations of severe anemia?
chest pain, fainting, heart attack, angina
what is a reticulocyte?
an immature RBC. a cell is a reticulocyte for about 1 day before it becomes a mature RBC. reticulocytes usually make up 1% of the total RBCs.
blood is composed of…
plasma, hematocrit, and buffy coat.
plasma: water, proteins, nutrients
buffy coat: white blood cells and platelets
hematocrit: red blood cells
a CBC is…
a complete blood count.
a lab test that can test for infection. Includes platelets, RBC, Hgb, WBC, hematocrit, and and other values.
normal platelet count is…
150,000 - 400,000
normal hematocrit is…
female: 37%-47%
male: 42%-52%
normal hemoglobin is….
female: 12-16
male: 14-18
normal white blood cell value is…
5,000 - 10,000
what is sickle cell crisis?
when sickled cells cause an occlusion leading to pain, tenderness at occlusion site, swelling, N/V, fever tachypnea
what are some interventions for treating SCA?
IV fluids, O2, blood transfusion, pain med, warm compress at pain site. Avoid triggers such as high altitude, dehydration, strenuous exercise.
