2.3 Flashcards
cancer, upper GI, biliary
IL-2
demerol and acetaminophen are used for….
3 goals of cancer treatment
control, curative, pallaitive
what is one treatment that can be done for control, cure, and palliation?
surgery
side effects of radiation and/or chemotherapy?
alopecia, fatigue, bone marrow suppression, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, pericarditis, pulmonary edema, sun sensitivity, xerostomia, malnutrition, depression, night sweats, skin irritation, mucositis
what is an extravasation injury?
aka chemo infiltration. chemo infiltrates skin and causes necrosis of tissues
what is thrombocytopenia?
immunotherapy vs targeted therapy
immunotherapy= 1. can boost or manipulate the immune system to create an environment not conducive for cancer cells to grow, 2. attack or kill cancer cells directly. Eg. cytokines, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies
targeted= interferes with cancer growth by targeting specific cell receptors and pathways that are important in tumor growth, they act on specific targets and does less damage to normal cells than chemo. Targeted therapy is personalized treatment based on the biology of the tumor
side effects of immunotherapy and targeted therapy? when do these resolve?
capillary leak syndrome, pulmonary edema, fatigue, flu-like sxs, bone marrow suppression (less severe than chemo). All resolve once therapy is over
what is hemophilia?
a deficiency or defective coagulation factor. this is a genetic disorder.
what is von Willebrand disease?
deficiency of VW factor. this is the most common congenital bleeding disorder
differences in hemophilia A and hemophilia B
what labs would you expect to be ordered if hemophilia is present? and what would the results be?
signs and symptoms of bleeding disorders?
prolonged bleeding from minor trauma or cuts, delayed bleeding after minor injuries, nosebleeds, GI bleeding, hematuria, splenic rupture from abd trauma, bruising, hemarthrosis
what is the overall goal for bleeding disorders?
prevent and treat bleeding
some preventative care measures to treat bleeding disorders
replacement of deficient clotting factors, prophylactic replacmenet therapy prior to any surgery/dental care
TPN vs PPN vs tube feed
TPN and PPN both go into blood stream. tube feed goes through gastric tube (NG/OG/JG etc.).
TPN can only go through a central line and PPN can go through a peripheral IV.
TPN is recommended for more long term uses but PPN recommended for more short term uses
when giving TPN what is an important precaution?
high risk of infection due to dextrose in solution. change bag, line, and claves q 24 hours. Always scrub claves and everything!!
cirrhosis is….
degeneration of liver tissues that lead to scarring/fibrosis of liver tissue
what is a TIPS procedure?
what is a blakemore tube/minnesota tube?
flexible tube inserted into esophagus to control upper GI hemorrhage from esophageal varices. only used in emergency cases
cholelithiasis is…
cholecystitis is…
complications of cirrhosis
portal htn, esophageal varices/gastric varices, abd ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome
difference between acute liver failure and cirrhosis?
acute liver failure- causing liver to fail and complete severe dysfunction of liver (i.e. overdose of APAP)
cirrhosis- usually slower progressing, defined as end stage liver disease
name 3 nursing interventions to treat cirrhosis
check ammonia levels, monitor mental status, give lactulose, pt on low NA/low protein/high cal diet,
