Ancient RomeBAD ONE Flashcards
By AD120 what was added to the Roman Empire and what was the population
Western Europe and North Africa
Population - 50 million
What was the Roman Empire ?
Roman started of as small villages in 750Bc. People who lived there were called Latins. The villages came together to form the city of Rome. It controlled Italy and the land around the Mediterranean Sea
How do we know about the Romans
Roman started of as small villages in 750Bc. People who lived there were called Latins. The villages came together to form the city of Rome. It controlled Italy and the land around the Mediterranean Sea
Pompeii and Herculaneum
Those city’s were built beside Mt.Vesuvius that was dormant.on a sunny august day 79AD it erupted. Most ppl survived the first day but not the second because gas and ash pour from the volcano. Thousands of ppl died. For 1500 years the city was hidden. In 700 AD it was discovered by archaeologists.
Who ruled the empire.
The republic did. People could chose people to be the government and elected to the senate.
Name the two types or Romans and who were not citizens.
Patrician (rich roman) and plebeian (poor roman). Woman and slaves weren’t citizens
Slaves
Some slaves were criminals or foreigners that Romans took when they conquered land. Slaves has no rights,didn’t get payed, they fought as gladiators and played in chariot races, some slaves were educated so they worked as teachers and doctors.
How did the Romans control their empire
The real rulers were the Soldiers. They marched around 30km every day. They were paid and allowed to sell slaves they captured.the army was divided into legions. Each legion had 5k soldiers and there were 30 legions. The soldiers had to serve for 20 years and you had to be a citizen which meant many were volunteers. They could also serve in the back up army called the AUXILIA, they served for 25 years
What did Romans do to their empire
Divide them in provinces
Provinces
They were run by governors who payed taxes and sent grain to Rome. Britain became a roman province in AD40.
What did roman Soldiers wear
Helmet,woollen tunic,body armour,belt(showing army position),shield (with different design for each legion),javelin,short sword,marching sandals and dagger
How did Rome become an empire ?
The Romans loved their army generals and they sometimes became powerful. Julius Caesar was one who lived in AD 50. He was generous to the poor,brought in fair taxes. He was so popular he ruled Rome without the senate. Caesar was killed because of how jealous the other governors were. His adopted son became first emperor of Rome in 27 BC. This meant the senate was no longer and he was called emperor Augustus and after that the Roman Empire was ruled by an emperor.
What was the streets in Rome like.
The were lined with houses,blocks of flats,shops and work shops. People threw there rubbish on the floors so they were filthy.stepping stones were on the street so people wouldn’t get their feet dirty
Where did the patricians live
A villa. In the town it’s called a domus.
What was in a villa
Atrium,walled garden,impluvium ( shallow pool),slave quarters and front room.
Where did a plebeian live ? An describe
An insulae. Usually 4/5 storeys high with shops at street level. The higher the flat the cheaper. Piped Water was only supplied to ground floor, so you would have to carry water up the stairs. People only used their flats to sleep because it was made of cheap wood and fires were common. No indoor toilets, they used public toilets or a pot and emptied the pot out the street and they ate at shops called THERMOPOLIA
How was roman family organised
The father was the head. He had power over everyone. Men often best their wives and children. He could sell them to slavery and men picked if the baby would live or die when born.
Women and children
Children had to obey parents at all time. The father arranged the marriage for all his kids. Roman women could not be a citizen or vote. But they could own property. The poor women ran shops and worked in trade and craft.women could be hairdresser and maybe gladiators some doctor but mostly men.
How were Romans educated
Most children from poor families didn’t got to school but still learned to read/write. Boys from rich families maybe Be reached by an educated slave.others went to school, they studied reading writing and arithmetic. At 12/13 boys learned about Greek and Latin writers. They practised oratory too.
Girls
They married young at their early teens. Some had tutors to teach them Greek literature and how to play an instrument. Mothers taught how to mange household and sew.
What did they eat
A patrician for breakfast ate bread dipped in wine with olive cheese or raisins. For lunch they would have cold food like bread or salads. Wine was often mixed with water as the usual drink.
For the cena (main meal) they would have three courses
(1).savoury dishes (oysters)
(2).roast or boiled meat covered in a spicy sauce
(3). Pastries nuts and fruit ( they used honey to sweeten things)
What did the guests do and what did plebeian eat
Guest propped themselves on couches and used their right arm to reach for food. They ate with fingers and between courses slaves came around with water and towel for them to wash their hands.
Plebeians ate bread, porridge and maybe a little meat. But most relied on the dole ( handouts from the government )
What did the Romans wear.
MEN// wore togas, they were cold so most men wore knee length Tunics underneath. The tunic was made out of cool linen in the summer and wool in the winter.
WOMEN// wore long tunics with a belt. After a girl married she wore a long woollen tunic called a stola. rich women wore plenty of make up and often died their hair red. They wore jewellery.
Men and women wore sandals in the house and shoes outside
What arts and crafts were they good at.
Ancient Romans we’re skilled craftspeople.potters made red clay pots and carved designs on vases. They made mosaics too. Romans learned how to make glass bottle by the art glass -blowing. Artist designed murals. Engineers used arches in their buildings
What gods did they believe in ?
They believed in many gods for e.g.
JUPITER - father of the gods
MARS -god of war
VENUS - goddess of love.
Romans prayed to different gods on depending what they needed. Someone might pray to mars to keep them safe in the war.gods had their own forums. The pantheon was a temple to all gods.
Household gods.
They were called Lares. Every family had a shrine at home to its household gods. Romans though they were spirits of their ancestors. They prayed to them every day.
Christianity
Romans were tolerant of other foreign gods as long as they still obeyed the emperor. Christianity was started after AD 30 by the followers of god. Problem was Christians only believed in one god and refused to believe in roman gods too. The Romans saw this as betrayal and Romans were tortured and killer.eventually in AD337 emperor Constantine became an christian and was made the official religion
How did they bury the dead
When a person died the family put coins on their eyes for a fare to the new world. People believed the person spirit was rowed across the river Styx into the next world. The funeral for an important man was held in a forum. It was forbidden to bury someone in the city so they were buried outside the city walls . Bodies were cremated and the ashes were placed in urns (jars) many people were buried in catacombs
Roman Baths
The Romans loved baths so they were public baths in every roman city. Pompeii had three and there were 900 in Rome. They were cheap and children were allowed free. Men and woman bathed separately. At big baths there would areas for men and women and at small they went at different times. Most Romans went to the baths everyday and to chat to friends and excerise too
Visiting the Roman Baths
1) slave would massage you with olive oil
2) then you could go to the exercise area
3) you could relax with your friends or go to the caldarium.
4) then you could get fridgarium.
Chariot racing in Rome
Chariot races are held in Circus Maximus.it had room for 250K. Usually 4 teams completed the race,the reds,greens,whites and blues. The fans wore the colour of their theme and they betted. 4 horses running pulled by the chariots. They raced seven laps. Crashes were common and people and horses died
Gladiators
Romans loved to watch gladiators fight. The fight were held in the colosseum. The colosseum held nearly 50k people and fights usually went for a week. They would draw a shade to protect the audience from the heat. There were special seats for patricians and important people. Gladiators were usually slaves. They wore armour and used sleds and trident to fight. If they won they could retrieve their freedom and become wealthy.
What happened to the Roman Empire
Around the Roman Empire especially in the area we now call Germany there were warlike tribes. They include the Goths, Vandals. Saxon and franks. The ere called barbarians because they could not write it live in cites.
Rome is defeated
Around AD400 Germans poured into Roman Empire to find land.
The barbarians took over different parts of Europe.the bar rains were not as organised as the Romans and all of Romans buildings etc had fall into ruins.however the Roman Empire was still strong in the east and became known as the Byzantine empire. Later many of the old roman ideas came back to the east this is called the renaissance.
