Ancient Philosopical Influences

Question 1

What content must you remember about plato

Answer 1

• Understanding of reality
• The forms
• Analogy of the cave

Question 2

What content must you remember about Aristotle

Answer 2

• understanding of reality
• the four causes
• prime mover

Question 3

Is Plato a rationalist or an empiricist

Answer 3

Rationalist

Question 4

What analogy did Plato have

Answer 4

The cave

Question 5

Did Plato trust the senses

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What did the prisoners represent

Answer 6

Ordinary people

Question 7

What did the cave represent

Answer 7

Our empirical world

Question 8

What did the chains represent

Answer 8

Our senses - bound by then

Question 9

What does the escapee represent

Answer 9

Philosopher

Question 10

What does the sun represent

Answer 10

Highest form of good

Question 11

What does Plato believe about our reality

Answer 11

• For something to be real it must be unchanging
• the world constantly changes
• truth must be outside our world
• we have innate knowledge as we know true beauty

Question 12

What’s the most important form

Answer 12

The form of the good

Question 13

What did Plato believe education was

Answer 13

Matter of remembering and recalling the world of the forms

Question 14

Was Aristotle a rationalist or empiricist

Answer 14

Empiricist

Question 15

What are differences between Plato and Aristotle

Answer 15

• how we gain knowledge
• senses

Question 16

What are the four causes

Answer 16

Material, what the object is made from

Efficient, what created the object

Formal, describes characteristics that makes the object what it is

Final, every object has a purpose

Question 17

What did Plato believe about goodness

Answer 17

Highest form, absolute standard

Question 18

What does Aristotle believe about goodness

Answer 18

Goodness is relative. If something does what it’s meant to it is good

Question 19

What is Aristotle’s prime mover theory

Answer 19

All movement requires there to be a mover. Movement meaning anything that changes.

Question 20

Arguments for the prime mover

Answer 20

There must be a first ‘mover’ in the reaction of change. This must be God.

Question 21

Definition of prime mover

Answer 21

Something that moves other things but is in itself, motionless.

Question 22

Is the prime mover an efficient cause or final cause

Answer 22

Final cause, purpose of the movement

Question 23

How does the prime mover move things

Answer 23

The way milk draws a cat towards it

Question 24

Is the prime mover necessary or unnecessary

Answer 24

Necessary, everything depends on it

Question 25

Evaluation of Aristotle’s views

Answer 25

+ compatible with science
+ testable
+ relativist views are flexible and make sense

— cannot always trust senses
— not everything may be good if it fulfils purpose
— unmoved mover sounds contradicting

Question 26

What philosophers are within Ancient Philosophical influences

Answer 26

Plato
Aristotle