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HIST 1001. Global History - 1500 C.E. > Ancient China - Religion > Flashcards

Ancient China - Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

Order of Dynasties

A
  • Shang
  • Zhou (Western and Eastern (Spring-Autumn and Warring States))
  • Qin
  • Han
  • Ming
  • Ching
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2
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

First registered Chinese dynasty, it’s consider the beginning of Chinese history. Ruled in the yellow river valley.

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3
Q

Di

A

Supreme god and sky deity in China’s traditional religion

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4
Q

Shamanism

A

Earliest and most widespread religion in China who claimed the ability to make direct contact with ancestors and gods

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5
Q

Divination

A

The methodology/practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means

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6
Q

Oracle Bones

A

Turtle shells and/or shoulder bow of a cow used to get answers of the future.
The question was written on these bones and put them on fire until it cracked.

A form of Divination

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7
Q

Zhou

(Joe)

A

It started as a dependent state in the Wei Valley to then become the most lasting and revered of all dynasties in China and ended when the Qin state captured the city of Chengzhou

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8
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

New ideology that justified the replacement of the Shang by the Zhou

Western Zhou

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9
Q

Book of Changes

A

A head of cilantro put inside of a book, close it and the impression was the answer

Zhou’s new way of divination

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10
Q

Laozi

A

Old Master
Creator of Daoism

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11
Q

Daoism

(Taoism)

A

Higher indigeous form of religion. it accepts the world as it comes, avoiding struggles and deviating as little as possible

Eastern Zhou - Spring-Autumn period

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12
Q

Classic of the Way of Virtue

A

Essential Taoism book that make up the most influencial religious and philosophical writings of Chinese tradition

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13
Q

Literati Daoism

(Philosophical Daoism)

A

Rulers should emulate the female and conquer through stillness and gentleness, abandon profit and there will be peace

Began with “Classic of the Way of Virtue”

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14
Q

Longevity Daoism

(Yangsheng)

A

It is link with medical ideas, emphasizes health and longetivity

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15
Q

Alchemy

A

Internal
Special practices to develop/promote longevity
External
Practice to make gold and develop compounds to create inmortality

Prcatices to preserve their energy

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16
Q

Wu-Wei

A

Without effort
Action without action
Effortless doing

Daoism ideology

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17
Q

Ying and Yang

A

Represents the nature of male and female roles, complementing each other.
Yang: sun, active, bright and shinning (man)
Ying: moon, passive, shaded and reflective (woman)

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18
Q

Devotional Daoism

(Communal Daoists)

A

Deified master Lao, began to pray to him and other spirits.

(Shaped the religion we know now)

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19
Q

Highest Clarity

A

A group with organized priests, scriptures and temples

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20
Q

Confucianism

A

Believes in ancestors worship and human-centered virtues. How you behave in these relationships, will determine your destiny

Warring States period - (Ying and Yang philosophy)

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21
Q

The Hundred Schools of Thought

A
  • Mozi
  • Confucius
  • Mencius
  • Xunzi
  • Hanfeizi
  • Sunzi
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22
Q

Confucius

A

A knightly aristocrat that belived nobody should be denied education. Wanted to return the early Zhou ideas through rituals and relations

“Father” of Confucianism (Ren, Li)

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23
Q

Li

A

An ideology where everyone and everything is in it’s proper place

(Social and religious connotation)

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24
Q

Ren

A

Confucian virtue denoting the good quality of a virtous human when being altruistic.
Wishing to establish himself, he seeks to establish others

Worked with the 5 Fundamental Relationships

25
Q

Fundamental Relationships

A
  1. Ruler and Subject
  2. Parent - Child
  3. Spouse - Spouse
  4. Younger sibling - Older sibling
  5. Older friend - Younger friend
26
Q

Mozi

A

Artisan who critized how Confucianism was elaborated.
Emphasized in unviersal love, social oreder, honoring the worthy and follow the will of Heaven

Mohism

27
Q

Mencius

A

Confucianism philosopher that taught, popularized and counseled rulers about this ideology. He believed peolpe were inherently good, theey just need a virtous leader to live harmoniously.

Confucius diciple

28
Q

Xunzi

A

Confucianism thinker who believed the human nature is evil, education and rituals were key to self-cultivation and people had to be compelled to make good choices

29
Q

Qin

A

First empire in China, was totalitarism.
Sacrificing personal freedom for the good of the state, established one writting system, law and correct the axle lenght.

30
Q

Shi Huandi

A

First emperor. Formed the Qin Empire

31
Q

Legalism

A

Political philosophy that taught people were inheritely corrupt and need laws to behave orderly

32
Q

Hanfeizi

A

The greatest of China’s legalist philosopher

33
Q

Li Si

A

Legalist prime minister of the Qin state that suppressed Confucianism and Mohism

(Xunzi diciple)

34
Q

Sunzi

A

Most famous military strategist, he rather used knowledge than armed army and aimed to use as little combat as possible to include the resources of the enemy

Wrote “The Art of War”

35
Q

The Art of War

A

Is an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu, a high-ranking military general, strategist and tactician

36
Q

Han

A

Liu Bang led one of the main rebel armies to then established last Chinese Dynasty

37
Q

Gaozu

A

First Han emperor who reduced taxes and included Confucianism in the government.

38
Q

Sima Qian

A

Was a Chinese historian of the Han dynasty. He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his work, the Records of the Grand Historian

39
Q

Buddhism

A

Religious ideology where you have to master yourself by following spiritual rituals to achieve enlightened or nirvana

3 types of Buddhism

40
Q

Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama or Gautama Shakyamuni

A

A spiritual teacher that enlightens common people to achieve Nirvana

Prime near the Himalaya mountains

41
Q

Eightfold Path

A
  1. Right view
  2. Right resolve
  3. Right speech
  4. Right conduct
  5. Right effort
  6. Right livelihood
  7. Right mindfulness
  8. Right samadhi (meditation)

Way to achieve Nirvana

42
Q

4 Noble of Truths

A
  1. Truth of suffering: lif is suffering
  2. Truth of the cause of suffering: suffering is by our attachment to what we have and what we don’t
  3. Truth of the end of suffering: there is a way to end our dessire and suffering
  4. Truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
43
Q

Theravada

A

Self mastery
Join the Sangha and get enlighten by it or give alms

1st type of Buddhism

44
Q

Mahayana

A

Big vehicle design to help people to find enlightment

2nd type of Buddhism

45
Q

Amitabha

(Pure Land Buddhism)

A

Focus on achieving rebirth in Buddha’s field or Pure Land

A Mahayana branch

46
Q

Chan

(Tibetan)

A

Mix of Daoism ideologies an instantaneously enlighten

3rd type of Buddhism

47
Q

Sangha

A

Community or a monastery were monks/nuns lived together and dedicated their live to follow the eigthfold path

48
Q

Vinaya

A

Book with the rules of the sangha (monastery)

49
Q

Nirvana

(Moksha)

A

A transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, a way to scape reincarnation

Goal in Buddhism

50
Q

Karma

A

Your present and previous actions would determine your fate in future existences

51
Q

Reincarnation

A

Philosophical belief that the soul or spirit begins a new life in a new body after the biological death

52
Q

Boddhisatva

A

Someone who obtained Nirvana but decided to stay in this world to help others to find enlighten

53
Q

Stupas

A

A Buddhist shrine used for meditation.
Large earthen mounds symbolizing the universe

54
Q

Vedas

A

Religious texts that are the main resource of information of the Hindu religion

55
Q

Alms

A

Donnations

56
Q

Varna

A

Refers to the social class divisions made in religious books

(castes)

57
Q

Jati

A

Birth groups who have their proper occupations, duties and rituals. Indicates a form of existence determine by birth

(caste)

58
Q

Dasa

A

A slave or servant of God

(caste)

59
Q

Hong-Wu

(1368 - 1398)

A

The founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He created a law protecticting slaves and freee citizens

HIST 1001. Global History - 1500 C.E. (8 decks)

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