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Manicuring > anatonmy & physiology > Flashcards

anatonmy & physiology Flashcards

1
Q

basic unit of all living things

A

cells

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2
Q

the cells of all living things are composed of -, a colorless jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as fats, carbs, mineral salts, and water present

A

protoplasm

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3
Q

dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell

A

nucleus

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4
Q

the protoplasm of a cell, except got the protoplasm that is in the nucleus that surrounds the nucleus, watery fluid that cells need for growth reproduction and self-repair

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

the cell part that encloses the protoplam and permits souble substances to enter and leave the cell

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

chemical process that takes place in lining organisms, through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activites

A

metabolism

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7
Q

constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. during this provess the body stores water, food and ocygen for the time when these substances will be needed for cell growth, reproduction or repair

A

anabolism

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8
Q

phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compunds within the cells into smaller ones. releases the energy that has been stored

A

catabolism

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9
Q
  • and - are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells as part of their normal processes
A

anabolism and catabolism

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10
Q

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

A

tissue

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11
Q

fibrosis tissue that binds together, protects and supports the various parts of the body

A

connective tissue

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12
Q

protective covering on body surfaces

A

epithelial tissues

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13
Q

contacts and moves various parts of the body

A

muscle tissue

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14
Q

carries messages to and from the brain controls and coordinates all bodily functions. composed of neurons, which make up the nerves brain and spinal cord

A

nerve tissue

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15
Q

tissue that gives smoothness and contour to the body

A

adipose tissue

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16
Q

structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions

A

organs

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17
Q

comprised of a group o body organs acting together to perform one or more function

A

system

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18
Q

groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions

A

body systems

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19
Q

controls the body

A

brain

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20
Q

controls vision

A

eyes

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21
Q

circulates the blood

A

heart

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22
Q

excrete water and waste products

A

kidneys

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23
Q

removes waste created by digestion

A

liver

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24
Q

supply oxygen to the blood

A

lungs

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25
Q

external protective coating that covers the body

A

skin

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26
Q

digest food

A

stomach and intestines

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27
Q

the physical foundation of the body

A

skeletal system

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28
Q

study anatomy, structure, and function of the boned

A

osteology

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29
Q

bone is used as a prefix in many med. terms

A

os

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30
Q

controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

A

circulatory

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31
Q

changes food into nutrients and wastes; consist of mouth stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs

A

digestive

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32
Q

affects the growth development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body; consists of specialized glands

A

endocrine

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33
Q

purifies the body by the elimination of waste matter; consists of kidneys, liver, skin large intestine and lungs

A

excretory

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34
Q

serves as a protective covering and helps in regulating the body temperature; consists of the skin and its accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors and hair/nails

A

integumentary

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35
Q

protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing toxins and bacteria

A

lymphatic or immune

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36
Q

covers shapes and supports the skeleton tissue

A

muscular

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37
Q

controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside the body and make them work together and efficiently; consist of brain spinal cord and nerves

A

nervous

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38
Q

responsible for processes by which plants and animals produce offspring

A

reproductive

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39
Q

the physical foundation of the body; consist of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints

A

skeleta;

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40
Q

the uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

A

humorous

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41
Q

the inner and larger bone of the forearm attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger

A

ulna

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42
Q

smaller bone in the forearm on the same side of the thumb

A

radius

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43
Q

the wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones held together by ligaments

A

carpus

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44
Q

bones of the palm of the hand; parts of the hand containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges

A

metacarpus

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45
Q

bones of the fingers or toes, or digits

A

phalanges

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46
Q

heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee

A

femur

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47
Q

larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. may be visualized as a bump in the big toe side of the ankle

A

tibia

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48
Q

smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. may be visualized as a bump on the little toe side of the amkle

A

fibula

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49
Q

the accespry bone, forms the cap of the knee joint

A

patella

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50
Q

ankle bone of the foot

A

talus

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51
Q

body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue. contracts and moves various parts of the body

A

muscular system

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52
Q

study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

A

myology

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53
Q

attached tp the bones and are voluntary or consciously controlled

A

striated, or skeletal muscles

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54
Q

involuntary and function automatically, without conscious will. found in the internal organs of the body such as digestive or respiratory systems

A

nonstriated or smooth muscles

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55
Q

involuntary muscles that is the heart; is not found in any other part of the body

A

cardiac muscle

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56
Q

the part that does not move; it is attached to the skeleton and us usually apart of the skeletal muscle

A

origin

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57
Q

the part of the muscle at the more moveable attachment to the muscle

A

insertion

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58
Q

the middle part of the muscle

A

belly

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59
Q

a large, flat triangle muscle covering the lower back

A

latissimus dorsi

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60
Q

muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm

A

pectoralis major

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61
Q

the muscle of the chest that assists n the breathing and raising the arm

A

serratus anterior

62
Q

muscles that cover the back of the neck and upper-middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging of the arm

A

trapezius

63
Q

muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm’ they lift the forearm and flex the elbow

A

bicep

64
Q

large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

A

deltoid

65
Q

the large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm

A

tricep

66
Q

muscles that straighten the wrist hand and fingers to form a straight line

A

extensors

67
Q

extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in bending th wrist

A

flexors

68
Q

muscles that turn the hand inward so that the pal, faces downward

A

pronators

69
Q

the muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

A

supinator

70
Q

muscles that separate the fingers

A

abducts

71
Q

muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together

A

adductors

72
Q

bends the foot up and extends the toes

A

extensor digitorum longus

73
Q

covers the front of the shin. bends the foot upward and inward

A

tibialis anterior

74
Q

covers the outer side of the calf and inverts the foot and turns it outward

A

peroneus longeus

75
Q

originates on the lower surface of the fibula, bends the foot downand turns it outward

A

peroneus brevis

76
Q

attached to the lower rear surface of the heels and pulls the foot down

A

gastroncenemius

77
Q

originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down

A

soleus

78
Q

mves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking

A

extensor digitor brevis

79
Q

moves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking standing

A

abductor hallicus

80
Q

moves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking

A

flexor digitorum brevis

81
Q

well organized body system, composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves

A

nervous system

82
Q

study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system

A

neurology

83
Q

consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves. controls consciousness and many mental activites

A

central nervous system

84
Q

system of nerves that connected the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system; has both sensory and motor nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

85
Q

part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and even breathing

A

autonomic nervous system

86
Q

largest most complex nerve tissue in the body

A

brain

87
Q

a portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk and is protected y the spinal column

A

spinal cord

88
Q

a nerve cell is the primary structural unit of th nervous system

A

neuron

89
Q

tree-like branchings of nerve fiber extending from the nerve cell that carries impulses from the nerve cell and receives impulses from other neurons

A

dendrites

90
Q

sends impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, glands or muscles

A

axon/axon terminal

91
Q

whitish cords made of bundles of nere fibers held together by connective tissue through which impulses are transmitted

A

nerves

92
Q

carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain where sensations of touch cold heat sight hearing taste smell and pressure are experienced

A

sensory/afferent nerves

93
Q

carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands, these impulses produce movement

A

motor/efferent nerves

94
Q

the automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory nerve to the spinal cord

A

reflex

95
Q

supples the fingers

A

digital nerve

96
Q

supples the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand

A

radial nerve

97
Q

smaller nerve than the ulnar and radial nerves that, within its branches, supplies the arm and hand

A

median nerve

98
Q

ulnar nerve

A

with its branches affect the little finger side of the arm an palm of the hand

99
Q

division of the sciatic nerve, passes behind the knee

A

tibial nerve

100
Q

division of the sciatic nerve extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into two branches

A

common peroneal nerve

101
Q

extends down the front of the leg behind the muscles

A

deep peroneal nerve

102
Q

extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg as well as the skin on top of the foot

A

superficial perneol nerve

103
Q

supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot

A

saphenous nerve

104
Q

supples impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg

A

sural nerve

105
Q

controls the steady circulation of the blood thru the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

A

circulatory system

106
Q

consists of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries that distribute blood thru the body

A

blood vascular system

107
Q

acts as in aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph spaces, lymphatics, lymph nodes

A

lymph vascular system

108
Q

special structure found inside the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph

A

lymph nodes

109
Q

clear fluid that circulates in the lymphatics of the body where it helps to carry wastes and impurities away from the cell and is routed back to the circulatory system

A

lymph

110
Q

body’s pump

A

heart

111
Q

encloses the heart in a double-layered membranous sac

A

pericardium

112
Q

the heartbeat is regulated by the vagus nerve and other tissues in the —

A

autonomic nervous syterm

113
Q

two lower thick-walled chambers are the

A

right ventricle

114
Q

structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood flow in only one direction

A

valves

115
Q

the upper, thin-walled chambers are the right -

A

atrium

116
Q

sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to purified then back to the heart again

A

pulmonary circulation

117
Q

general circulation carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart

A

systemic circulation

118
Q

thick-walled, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries

A

arteries

119
Q

the largest artery in the body

A

aorta

120
Q

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the vein

A

capillaries

121
Q

thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries

A

veins

122
Q

nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients tot eh cells and tissue and remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

A

blood

123
Q

produced in the red bone marrow

A

red blood cells

124
Q

complex iron protein that binds to oxygen

A

hemoglobin

125
Q

perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms

A

white blood cells

126
Q

smaller than red blood cells, but also contribute to the blood clotting process

A

platelets

127
Q

the fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and platelets flow

A

plasma

128
Q

supply the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand

A

ulnar artery

129
Q

supply the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand

A

radial artery

130
Q

supplies blood to the foot divides into two separate arteries known as the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery

A

popliteal

131
Q

supplies impulses to the lower leg muscles and to the muscles on and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes

A

anterior tibial

132
Q

supplies blood to the ankles and the back of the lower leg

A

posterior tibial artery

133
Q

supplies the foot with blood

A

dorsalis pedis artery

134
Q

lymphatic vessels start as tubes that are closed at one end. they can occur individually or in clusters called

A

lymph capillaries

135
Q

specialized glands that affect the growth, development sexual activies and health of the entire body

A

endocrine system

136
Q

specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood and convert them into new compounds

A

glands

137
Q

produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts

A

exocrine glands or duct glands

138
Q

such as thyroid and pituitary glands, release secretions called hormone

A

endocrine glands or ductless glands

139
Q

plays a major role in sexual development sleep and metabolism

A

pineal gland

140
Q

most complex organ of the endocrine system affects every physiological process of the body; growth, blood pressure, contractions, breast milk production, sex organ functions in both men and women, thyroid gland fuction, the conversion of food into energy

A

pituitary glands

141
Q

controls how quickly the body burns energy makes protein, and how sensitive the body is to other hormones

A

thyroid glands

142
Q

secretes enzymes producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbs, proteins and fats

A

pancreas

143
Q

secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body including fight or flight response

A

adrenal glands

144
Q

function in sexual reproduction as well as determining male and female sexual characteristics

A

ovaries testes

145
Q

the gastrointestinal system responsible for breaking down food into waste

A

digestive system

146
Q

chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body

A

digestive enzymes

147
Q

responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste matter

A

excretory system

148
Q

enables breathing and consists of the lungs and air passages

A

respiratory system

149
Q

spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhales air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle

A

lungs

150
Q

separates the thorax, chest from the abdominal region and helps control breathing

A

diaphragm

151
Q

made up of the skin and various accessory organs such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors hair and nails

A

integumentary system

152
Q

performs the function of reproducing snd perpetuating the human race

A

reproductive system

Manicuring (16 decks)

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