Anatomy TV flashcards

Question 1

It is a U-shaped fibromuscular structure that connects the oral and nasal cavities with the esophagus. It is a common passage for solid food, liquids, and air. It is lined with mucosa, which protects it from the friction caused by swallowing. Which body part is it?

Answer 1

The pharynx

Question 2

The pharynx is divided into three regions. Name them.

Answer 2

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 3

The walls of the pharynx are formed by which muscles?

Answer 3

pharyngeal constrictor muscles (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 4

What is the role of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Answer 4

constrict to push food into the esophagus.

Question 5

This body part is a continuation of the pharynx. What is it called?

Answer 5

The esophagus

Question 6

The esophagus is lined with lamina propria (areolar connective tissue), muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle), and stratified squamous epithelium. What is special about the stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 6

It allows protection from hot and cold temperatures, chemical attacks on the tissue, and abrasion from food particles.

Question 7

This body part is formed by a portion of the inferior constrictor muscle. It opens to allow the food bolus to enter the esophagus and closes to prevent the regurgitation of contents back into the pharynx. What is it called?

Answer 7

Upper esophageal sphincter

Question 8

Is the upper esophageal sphincter under voluntary control or involuntary control?

Answer 8

involuntary control

Question 9

This body part is formed by a portion of the diaphragm. It constricts the esophagus during respiration to prevent the contents of the stomach from regurgitating back into the esophagus. What is it called?

Answer 9

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 10

Is the lower esophageal sphincter under voluntary control or involuntary control?

Answer 10

involuntary control

Question 11

Peristalsis occurs throughout the digestive tract, but begins with which organ?

Answer 11

esophagus

Question 12

Sensory input plays a critical role at this stage of swallowing: taste, temperature, texture, and proprioception are all used to sample the food bolus and determine its suitability for ingestion.

Answer 12

buccal phase

Question 13

Which nerve sends sensory input from the larynx, triggering a cough if any foreign material enters the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 13

Vagus nerve

Question 14

You stop breathing for 1 second while you swallow. Breathing is resumed once the bolus has entered which body part?

Answer 14

the upper esophagus

Question 15

During swallowing this body part is elevated, thereby closing off the entrance to the nasal passage and preventing the entry of food and drink into the nasal cavity.

Answer 15

palais mou

Question 16

There are two of this body part. They are depressions located between the root of the tongue and the anterior surface of the epiglottic cartilage.

Answer 16

valécules

Question 17

This body part is the part of the laryngeal cavity lying between the laryngeal inlet and vocal folds.

Answer 17

vestibule laryngé

Question 18

These are special, circular muscles that open and close certain body parts. Most often, they regulate the passage of the bolus at the junction of the laryngopharynx / hypopharynx and the esophagus and provides a propulsive force for swallowing.

Answer 18

muscle cricopharyngé / sphincter oesophagien supérieur

Question 19

Is is part of the respiratory system and is a tube composed of cartilages and membranes. The oesophagus lies posterior to this body part.

Answer 19

le trachée

Question 20

This body part is the only complete cartilaginous ring in the air passages. It comprises the most inferior and posterior part of the larynx and supports the entrance to the trachea.

Answer 20

Le cartilage cricoïde

Question 21

The space found between the vocal folds is the

Answer 21

glotte

Question 22

The depressions between the epiglottis and the root of the tongue, on either side of the median fold, are named the

Answer 22

vallécules