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MBChB YR2: Opthalmology > Anatomy: The Orbit and the Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy: The Orbit and the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the orbital septum located?

A

Extends from either tarsus to the orbital margin

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2
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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3
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Orbital plate of frontal bone

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4
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Superior tarsal plate

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5
Q

What is the function of the superior and inferior tarsus?

A

Form the scaffolding of the eyelid

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6
Q

Which nerve supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

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7
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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8
Q

Describe the anatomical features of the orbit which result in a blowout fracture following blunt force trauma to the eye

A

The medial and inferior walls of the orbit are the weakest, with the contents herniating into the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses respectively

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9
Q

Name the three parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

Palpebral, lacrimal and orbital

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10
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle

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11
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal canaliculi?

A

Small channels in each eyelid that drain lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac

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12
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Medial palpebral ligament

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13
Q

Name the structure which transmits the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve, the inferior ophthalmic vein, and sympathetic nerves

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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14
Q

What is an orbital rim fracture?

A

Fracture of the bones forming the outer rim of the bony orbit, usually occurs at the sutures joining the three bones of the orbital rim (maxilla, zygomatic and frontal)

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15
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Inferior tarsus

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16
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Supraorbital notch/foramen

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17
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Orbital plate of ethmoid bone

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18
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Orbital septum

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19
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Optic canal

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20
Q

What are the Meibomian glands?

A

Glands located in the tarsal plates which secrete an oily lipid substance that slows the evaporation of the eye’s tear film and prevents the eyelids from sticking together when closed

21
Q

Name the structure which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

A

Optic canal

22
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Involved in the drainage of tears

23
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle

24
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle

25
Q

What is the function of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Tightly closes the eyelids

26
Q

Describe the flow of lacrimal fluid

A
  1. Lacrimal fluid produced by the lacrimal gland
  2. Fluid washes over the eye and is pushed towards the medial angle
  3. Once the fluid gets to the medial angle it drains through the lacrimal puncta
  4. Eventually the fluid reaches the inferior meatus
27
Q

What is the function of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Gently closes the eyelids

28
Q

Where is the axis of the orbit located?

A

Anteriolaterally

29
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Lacrimal gland

30
Q

What is a blowout fracture?

A

Refers to partial herniation of the orbital contents through one of its walls, usually occurs via blunt force trauma to the eye

31
Q

How many bones form the orbit?

A

7

32
Q

Name the bones which form the lateral wall of the orbit

A

Zygomatic and sphenoid (greater wing)

33
Q

Name the bones which form the floor of the orbit (inferior wall)

A

Maxilla, palatine and zygomatic bones

34
Q

The orbit can be thought of as a _______ structure, with the apex pointing posteriorly and the base situated anteriorly

A

Pyramidal

35
Q

The lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid as a result of parasympathetic innervation by CN ____

A

VIII

36
Q

Name the structure which transmits the lacrimal, frontal, trochlear, oculomotor, nasociliary and abducens nerves, and the superior ophthalmic vein

A

Superior orbital fissure

37
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

38
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Canaliculi

39
Q

What is the function of the orbital septum?

A

Helps prevent spread of infection between superficial and deep parts of the orbit

40
Q

Where is the axis of the eye directed?

A

Anteriorly

41
Q

Name the bones which form the roof of the orbit (superior wall)

A

Frontal bone and sphenoid (lesser wing)

42
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Lacrimal sac

43
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle

44
Q

Which tarsal plate acts as the attachment site of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Superior tarsus

45
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Superior tarsus

46
Q

Where are the tarsal plates located?

A

Deep to the palpebral region of the orbicularis oculi muscle

47
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Lateral palpebral ligament

48
Q

Name the bones which form the medial wall of the orbit

A

Ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid bones

49
Q

What are the tarsal plates composed of?

A

Dense connective tissue

MBChB YR2: Opthalmology (20 decks)

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