Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MBChB YR2: Opthalmology > Anatomy: The Eyeball > Flashcards

Anatomy: The Eyeball Flashcards

1
Q

Why will occlusion of the central artery of the retina quickly cause blindness?

A

It is an end artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Superior ophthalmic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the posterior segment of the eye?

A

Segment of eye located behind the lens; contains the vitreous body (which contains vitreous humour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the fundus of the eye?

A

Interior (posterior) surface of the eye opposite the lens where light is focused and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Central artery and central vein of the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Inferior ophthalmic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the artery which supplies the internal surface of the retina

A

Central artery of the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Posterior segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Lower eyelid (lined by conjunctiva)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Posterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Lacrimal lake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of the ciliary body

A

Comprised of two parts, the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

The ciliary muscle consists of a collection of smooth muscles fibres which are attached to the lens of the eye by the ciliary processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the circulation of aqueous humor in the anterior segment of the eye

A
  1. Secretion of aqueous by the ciliary processes of the ciliary body
  2. Aqueous circulates within posterior chamber to nourish lens
  3. Aqueous then passes through pupil into anterior chamber to nourish cornea
  4. Aqueous reabsorbed into scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) at iridocorneal angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the light detecting component of the eye

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Formed by axons of ganglion cells that leave the eye to form the optic nerve (CN II formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Branches of retinal vessels (arterioles and venules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The _______ provides attachment for the extraocular muscles

A

Sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

Adapts the shape of the lens, anchors the lens and produces aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is it possible that retrograde infection from the nasal area can to spread to the brain, forming the so-called ‘danger triangle’?

A

Due to the venous communication (via the opthalmic veins) between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Depression 1.5 mm diameter at the centre of the macula, responsible for high acuity vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In fundoscopy, what does the complete interruption of retinal artery branch/retinal vein indicate?

A

Loss of an area of visual field corresponding to the area of ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The retinal veins and retinal arteries lie ________ to the retina
Anterior
26
What is the iris?
Pigmented membrane with a central opening (the pupil) which adjusts its size in response to light
27
What is indicated by the arrow?
Iris (covered by cornea)
28
Light from objects in the _____ visual field strike the nasal retina of the left eye and the temporal retina of the right eye, and vice versa
Left
29
Why are the layers of the retina described as 'inverted'?
The light sensing cells are in back of the retina, so that light has to pass through layers of neurons and capillaries before it reaches the rods and cones
30
What is indicated by the colour green?
Cornea
31
What is indicated by the arrow?
Conjunctival vessel
32
What is the bulbar conjunctiva?
Thin mucous membrane which is a reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva (deepest layer of eyelid); covers the sclera
33
What is indicated by the arrow?
Pupil
34
What is indicated by the colour blue?
Sclera
35
The retina is composed of 10 layers of cells; name the 4 main components from posterior-anterior
Retinal pigment epithelium Rods and cones (photoreceptors) Bipolar neurons Ganglion neurons - axons of the ganglion cells form the optic nerve
36
What is indicated by the arrows?
Internal carotid artery
37
Where is the posterior chamber of the anterior segment of the eye located?
Between iris and suspensory ligaments
38
Axons of the ganglion cells of the retina form the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_
Optic nerve
39
How is the diameter of the iris controlled?
The diameter of the pupil is altered by smooth muscle fibres within the iris, which are innervated by the autonomic nervous system
40
Where is light from the left visual field processed?
Right primary visual cortex
41
What is the function of the choroid?
Provides nutrition and gas exchange to the outer layers of the retina
42
Describe the venous drainage of the eyeball
Venous drainage of the eyeball is carried out by the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, which drain into the cavernous sinus via the superior orbital fissure
43
What is indicated by the arrow?
Sclera (covered by conjunctiva)
44
Where is the anterior chamber of the anterior segment of the eye located?
Between cornea and iris
45
What is indicated by the arrow?
Inferior lacrimal papilla and punctum
46
What is indicated by the arrow?
Cavernous sinus
47
What is indicated by the arrow?
Ciliary body
48
Name the only point of entry/exit for blood vessels and axons of CN II
Optic disc
49
Neurochemical signals are transmitted from the retina to visual centres in the brain by nerve fibres in the _____ \_\_\_\_\_
Optic nerve
50
Name the components of the uvea (vascular layer of the eye)
Iris, ciliary body, choroid
51
Name the artery responsible for the majority of the blood supply to the eyeball
Ophthalmic artery
52
What is indicated by the arrow?
Anterior chamber
53
Where does the inferior ophthalmic vein mainly drained into?
Superior ophthalmic vein
54
What is indicated by the arrows?
Opthalmic artery
55
Name the components of the fibrous layer of the eyeball
Sclera and cornea
56
What is indicated by the arrow?
Optic disc
57
What is indicated by the arrow?
Limbus (corneoscleral junction)
58
Light entering the eye is partially (2/3) refracted by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Cornea
59
What is indicated by the arrow?
Anterior segment
60
What is indicated by the arrow?
Pituitary gland
61
Name the artery which supplies some of the structures in the floor of the orbit of the eye
Infraorbital artery (branch of external carotid)
62
Why does the optic nerve form the 'blind spot'?
Has no photoreceptors
63
In fundoscopy, what does the complete interruption of flow of the central artery (end artery) or vein indicate?
Monocular blindness
64
What is indicated by the arrow?
Caverous sinus via the superior orbital fissure
65
What is indicated by the arrow?
Location of the lacrimal gland
66
The ophthalmic artery is a branch of which other artery?
Internal carotid artery
67
Name the only vein which drains the retina
Central vein of the retina
68
What is indicated by the arrow?
Conjunctival fornix
69
The 'angle' in closed or open-angle glaucoma refers to?
The iridocorneal angle
70
Describe the structure of the choroid
Layer of connective tissue and blood vessels
71
What is the function of the iris?
Regulates the amount of light that reaches the retina
72
What is aqueous humor?
Clear plasma-like fluid which fills the anterior segment of the eye; nourishes and protects the eye
73
What is the macula?
Centre of the retina, greatest density of cones
74
Where is light from the right visual field processed?
Left primary visual cortex
75
At the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the nerve fibres that arise from the nasal retina cross to the opposite side of the brain
Optic chiasma

MBChB YR2: Opthalmology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions