Anatomy test 3 Flashcards
the central nervous system consists of the
brain and spinal cord
“fight or flight” situations are dominated by the
sympathetic NS
the supporting and the connecting cell of the nervous systems are
neuroglial cells
the small space between the neurons is called the
synaptic cleft
the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord are
meninges
the substances released as axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called the
neurotransmitter
the autonomic NS is divided into the
sympathetic and parasympathetic
synaptic vesicles store
neurotransmitters
the numbers of pairs of spinal nerves are
31
neurons that have one main dendrite and one axon are called
bipolar
gaps in the myelin sheath in the PNS are called
nodes of Ranvier
the function of Schwann cells is to
produce myelin
the branch of a neuron that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body is the
axon
ion channels open and close due to the presence of
gates
afferent fibers conduct nerve impulses from
peripheral receptors
the spinal cord is continuous with the
brain
autonomic visceral reflexes involve
heart rate, BP
fine control of body coordination and balance is a function of the
cerebellum
the brainstem is made up of the
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
cerebrospinal fluid NEVER has
blood/red blood cells
damage to the cerebellum would result in
loss of motor skills
weak muscles, slurred speech
the reticular activating system functions to
control wakefulness
when you sleep and wake up when you hear the baby cry or a burglar
the hypothalamus controls
- heart rate
- BP
- temperature
- weight
- hunger
- reproduction
- sleep
- growth
the cerebral hemispheres are connected internally by the
corpus collosum
damage to the cribriform plate of the ethmoidbone owuld most likely result in the loss of
smell
midbrain
- auditory
2. visual reflexes
limbic system
emotions & expression
hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis of the body
thalamus
directs sensory info
diecephalon
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pituitary glands
conscious awareness of external or internal stimuli defines the
sensory NS
white matter of the NS is composed of
mylinated neurons
type A neuron
- the motor neuron
- mylin covering
- very fats
a ganglion contains
cell bodies
the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the pituitary glad are located in the
diencephalon
endorphins and enkephalins are neuropeptides that
reduce pain
a typical pain neurotransmitter is
fast/rapid
substance P
the cuada equina is
bundle of spinal nerves
cerebrospinal fluid normally circulates in the
central canal
in the adult, the spinal cord extends from the medulla to the
2nd lumbar vertebrae
an afferent neuron is a
sensory neuron
usually unipolar
the diameter of a spinal cord is slightly larger in the
cervical and lumbar enlargement
the innermost layer of the meninges
pia mater
the contralateral reflex that helps you to keep your balance when the flexor reflex is initiated is the
withdrawal reflex
*day of test
a spinal nerve is covered from the inside out with
- myelin
- endoneurium
- perineurium
- epineurium
the function of the choroid plexus
produces cerebrospinal fluid
the function of the arachnoid villi is to
absorb cerebrospinal fluid
between the foramen magnum and the pons is the
medulla oblongata
during the depolarization phase of an action potential, what is the primary activity
sodium rushes in
during the depolarization phase of the action potential, what situations exist
the cell becomes more positive
during the REpolarization phase of the action potential, which situations exist
- potassium rushes out
2. cell becomes more negative
the safety center is located in the
hypothalamus
spinal nerves are considered mixed, meaning
they contain both sensory and motor neurons
1 Olfactory
sensory
S: impulses associated with smell
2 Optic
sensory
S: impulses associated with vision
3 Oculomotor
primarily motor
M: raise eyelids, move eyes, adjust amount of light in eye, focus lenses
4 Trochlear
primarily motor
M: impulses that move the eyes
5 Trigeminal
- Opthalmic division
- Maxillary division
- Mandibular division
mixed
- S: tear glands, scalp, forehead, upper eyelids
- S: upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip, lining of palate, skin of face
- S: skin of jaw, lower teeth, lower gum
M: chewing muscles
6 Abducens
primarily motor
move eyes
7 Facial
mixed
S: taste of tongue
M: facial expression, tear glands, salivary glands
8 Vestibulocochlear
- Vestibular branch
- Cochlear branch
sensory
- equilibrium
- hearing
9 Glossopharyngeal
mixed
S: impulses from the pharynx, tonsils, tongue, carotid arteries
M: swallowing, salivary glands
10 Vagus
mixed
Somatic motor: speech, swallowing, impulses to heart, smooth muscles, glands in thorax & abdomen
S: impulses from pharynx, larynx, esophagus, viscera of thorax and abdomen
11 Accessory
- Cranial branch
- Spinal branch
primarily motor
- muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx
- muscles of neck and back
12 Hypoglossal
primarily motor
muscles that move the tongue
