Anatomy test 2 Flashcards
Human use ___ for cellular energy
ATP
carbs are broken down into
monosaccarides and glucose
one glucose molecule =
36-38 ATP molecules
true about enzymes
- controls rates of all metabolic reactions of the cell
- complex proteins
- they are catalysts
- recycled by the cell
true about DNA
- contains genetic code
- sugar phosphate
- bases a-t, c-g
- nitrogen base
- deoxyribose (sugar)
DNA = ATC, mRNA = ____
UAG
DNA contains the info needed to synthesize
proteins
process of forming mRNA
transcription
process of reading mRNA
translation
each nucleotide in DNA molecules can consist of
- sugar phosphate backbone
2. bases: a-t, c-g
codons
3 base pairs that code for amino acids
word
transfer RNA
carries the correct amino acid sequence
anticodons match codons
messenger RNA
convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
ribosomal RNA
holds the messenger RNA in position during transfer
joins amino acids together
gene
portion of DNA containing genetic info for making a single protein
base pair
a-t
c-g
regulatory proteins
regulates proteins
when to stop
where to go
translation
movement of mRNA out of the nucleus
then the protein will be formed
promoter
starts off the reading of a protein
transcription
photocopy of a gene
the folds of the stomach mucosa
rugae
the pyloric sphincter is located at the junction of the…
stomach into the small intestine
microvilli
hairs on top
peristalsis
wave-like motion that moves masses of food along
degluttion
swallowing
villi
small finger-like projections
increase surface area and helps with absorption
jejunum/illiem
middle section of the small intestine
chyme
like vomit
result of the mixing actions of the stomach
bolus
what you swallow
mastication
chewing
mechanical digestion
concentrate bile
role of gall bladder
duodenum
first section of the small intestine
water soluble vitamins
B vitamins
vitamin C
necessary to oxidize carbs, lipids, & proteins
food pyramid
nutritional guide
fat soluble vitamins
vit. A, D, E, K
stored in the body
mineral
4% of body weight
concentrated in bone and teeth
major ones: calcium and phosphorus
amylase
breaks down carbs
trypsin
digests proteins
lipase
digests fats
bile
breakdown of red blood cells
secretin
stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonated ion concentration
associated with digestion
.
the section of the large intestine associated with the appendix
cecum
functions of the respiratory system
- respiration
- ventilation
- gas exchange
- cellular respiration
functions of the nose
- provides an entrance for air
2. air is filtered by coarse hair
structures in correct order of air flow
first: nasopharynx
last: alveoli
air pressure in the middle ear is equalized via the auditory tube, which opens into the
nasopharynx
the vocal cords are part of the
larynx (voice box)
upper- false vc
lower- true vc
the function of the epiglottis is
it prevents food from entering the trachea
what is normally found between the visceral and pleural layers of the pleura?
serous fluid
respiratory tree in order
- primary bronchi
- secondary bronchi
- terminal bronchiole
- bronchioles
- alveoli
when the diaphragm contracts…
- the lungs move up/expand
- the rib cage moves up
- air rushes in
the tidal volume is the
amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one quiet breathe
most oxygen is transported in the blood by
hemoglobin (hemo or globin on test)
gastric emptying
ask on day of test?
a hormone produced by cells of the pyloric portion of the stomach is
secretin
salivary secretions
- amylase
- mucous
- serous
list of tubing in correct order of food movement
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- rectum
- anus
the nasal cavity is divided medially by the
nasal septum
the upper respiratory tract includes
- nose
- nasal cavity
- sinuses
- pharynx
not larynx
the largest organ in the body is the
liver
the trachea divides into two
bronchi (right and left)
the membrane that covers the lungs is the
parietal pleura
the muscle under the lungs is the
diaphragm
bile aids in the digestion of
fats
