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Anatomy > Anatomy test 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Human use ___ for cellular energy

A

ATP

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2
Q

carbs are broken down into

A

monosaccarides and glucose

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3
Q

one glucose molecule =

A

36-38 ATP molecules

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4
Q

true about enzymes

A
  1. controls rates of all metabolic reactions of the cell
  2. complex proteins
  3. they are catalysts
  4. recycled by the cell
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5
Q

true about DNA

A
  1. contains genetic code
  2. sugar phosphate
  3. bases a-t, c-g
  4. nitrogen base
  5. deoxyribose (sugar)
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6
Q

DNA = ATC, mRNA = ____

A

UAG

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7
Q

DNA contains the info needed to synthesize

A

proteins

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8
Q

process of forming mRNA

A

transcription

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9
Q

process of reading mRNA

A

translation

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10
Q

each nucleotide in DNA molecules can consist of

A
  1. sugar phosphate backbone

2. bases: a-t, c-g

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11
Q

codons

A

3 base pairs that code for amino acids

word

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12
Q

transfer RNA

A

carries the correct amino acid sequence

anticodons match codons

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13
Q

messenger RNA

A

convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

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14
Q

ribosomal RNA

A

holds the messenger RNA in position during transfer

joins amino acids together

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15
Q

gene

A

portion of DNA containing genetic info for making a single protein

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16
Q

base pair

A

a-t

c-g

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17
Q

regulatory proteins

A

regulates proteins
when to stop
where to go

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18
Q

translation

A

movement of mRNA out of the nucleus

then the protein will be formed

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19
Q

promoter

A

starts off the reading of a protein

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20
Q

transcription

A

photocopy of a gene

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21
Q

the folds of the stomach mucosa

A

rugae

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22
Q

the pyloric sphincter is located at the junction of the…

A

stomach into the small intestine

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23
Q

microvilli

A

hairs on top

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24
Q

peristalsis

A

wave-like motion that moves masses of food along

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25
Q

degluttion

A

swallowing

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26
Q

villi

A

small finger-like projections

increase surface area and helps with absorption

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27
Q

jejunum/illiem

A

middle section of the small intestine

28
Q

chyme

A

like vomit

result of the mixing actions of the stomach

29
Q

bolus

A

what you swallow

30
Q

mastication

A

chewing

mechanical digestion

31
Q

concentrate bile

A

role of gall bladder

32
Q

duodenum

A

first section of the small intestine

33
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B vitamins
vitamin C

necessary to oxidize carbs, lipids, & proteins

34
Q

food pyramid

A

nutritional guide

35
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

vit. A, D, E, K

stored in the body

36
Q

mineral

A

4% of body weight
concentrated in bone and teeth

major ones: calcium and phosphorus

37
Q

amylase

A

breaks down carbs

38
Q

trypsin

A

digests proteins

39
Q

lipase

A

digests fats

40
Q

bile

A

breakdown of red blood cells

41
Q

secretin

A

stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonated ion concentration

42
Q

associated with digestion

A

.

43
Q

the section of the large intestine associated with the appendix

A

cecum

44
Q

functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. respiration
  2. ventilation
  3. gas exchange
  4. cellular respiration
45
Q

functions of the nose

A
  1. provides an entrance for air

2. air is filtered by coarse hair

46
Q

structures in correct order of air flow

A

first: nasopharynx
last: alveoli

47
Q

air pressure in the middle ear is equalized via the auditory tube, which opens into the

A

nasopharynx

48
Q

the vocal cords are part of the

A

larynx (voice box)

upper- false vc
lower- true vc

49
Q

the function of the epiglottis is

A

it prevents food from entering the trachea

50
Q

what is normally found between the visceral and pleural layers of the pleura?

A

serous fluid

51
Q

respiratory tree in order

A
  1. primary bronchi
  2. secondary bronchi
  3. terminal bronchiole
  4. bronchioles
  5. alveoli
52
Q

when the diaphragm contracts…

A
  1. the lungs move up/expand
  2. the rib cage moves up
  3. air rushes in
53
Q

the tidal volume is the

A

amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one quiet breathe

54
Q

most oxygen is transported in the blood by

A

hemoglobin (hemo or globin on test)

55
Q

gastric emptying

A

ask on day of test?

56
Q

a hormone produced by cells of the pyloric portion of the stomach is

A

secretin

57
Q

salivary secretions

A
  1. amylase
  2. mucous
  3. serous
58
Q

list of tubing in correct order of food movement

A
  1. mouth
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine
  6. large intestine
  7. rectum
  8. anus
59
Q

the nasal cavity is divided medially by the

A

nasal septum

60
Q

the upper respiratory tract includes

A
  1. nose
  2. nasal cavity
  3. sinuses
  4. pharynx

not larynx

61
Q

the largest organ in the body is the

A

liver

62
Q

the trachea divides into two

A

bronchi (right and left)

63
Q

the membrane that covers the lungs is the

A

parietal pleura

64
Q

the muscle under the lungs is the

A

diaphragm

65
Q

bile aids in the digestion of

A

fats

Anatomy (10 decks)

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