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Anatomy > Anatomy test 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

how your body maintains a stable internal environment

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2
Q

characteristics of life

A
  1. movement
  2. responsiveness
  3. growth
  4. reproduction
  5. respiration
  6. digestion
  7. absorption
  8. circulation
  9. assimilation
  10. excretion
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3
Q

anabolism

A

to build up something

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4
Q

pH

A

0-6 acidic

  1. 00 neutral
  2. 01-14 basic
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5
Q

Na

A

sodium

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6
Q

four elements that make up 90% of the body’s mass

A
  1. carbon
  2. oxygen
  3. hydrogen
  4. nitrogen
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7
Q

elements carry a ________ charge

A

negative

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8
Q

peptide bonds are found in

A

proteins

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9
Q

smallest unit of matter

A

atom

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10
Q

function of ATP

A

primary cellular energy carrier

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11
Q

organic molecules

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. proteins
  4. nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
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12
Q

what do you know about C6 H12 O6?

A
  1. it is organic (has C & H)
  2. 6 carbon
  3. 12 hydrogen
  4. 6 oxygen
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13
Q

neutral pH

A

7.00

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14
Q

basic pH

A

7.01-14

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15
Q

enzymes and antibodies are examples of

A

proteins

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16
Q

amino acids

A
  1. they make up 20 proteins
  2. carboxyl group
  3. hydrogen group
  4. one or more atoms
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17
Q

the most abundant chemical compound in the body

A

water

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18
Q

DNA base-pairing

A

A-T

C-G

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19
Q

decomposition reactions

A
  1. hydrolysis
  2. catabolic
  3. digestion

breaks down large molecules to small using water

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20
Q

Covalent bonds for electrons

A

share

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21
Q

atoms are distinguished from other atoms by

A

the # of protons

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22
Q

nucleotides contain

A
  1. sugar
  2. phosphate group
  3. nitrogen base
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23
Q

neutral atoms have

A

the same # of protons as electrons

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24
Q

protons + neutrons =

A

atomic weight

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25
Q

the pH scale measures the

A

concentration of hydrogen ions [H+]

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26
Q

a fatty acid with a single covalent bond between 2 of the carbons is said to be

A

monosaturated

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27
Q

a “saturated” fat is saturated with

A

hydrogen

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28
Q

RNA’s sugar

A

ribose

29
Q

what DNA and RNA have in common

A

the bases: A, G, C

30
Q

the primary lipids in the lipid bilayer of the human plasma membranes are

A

phospholipids

31
Q

organelles that contain enzymes for production of ATP are

A

mitochondria

32
Q

organelles that contain enzymes that destroy materials engulfed by phagocytes are

A

lysosomes

33
Q

the cell does not need to expend energy (ATP) in order to perform

A
  1. diffusion
  2. osmosis
  3. filtration
34
Q

the RNA responsible for bringing and reading the codon and bringing in the amino acid for protein synthesis is

A

tRNA

35
Q

Cells try to move sodium ions from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell where the Sodium concentration is 14 times higher than the inside of the cell. This means sodium ions are moved out of the cell by

A

active transport

36
Q

a red blood cell (high in proteins inside) placed in pure water would

A

the cell would fill up with water and burst

37
Q

the genetic information is coded in DNA by

A

base pairs
A-T
C-G

38
Q

secretory proteins and membrane molecules are synthesized mainly by the

A

rough ER or ribosomes

39
Q

the type of storage vesicles produced by the Golgi complex

A

lysosomes

40
Q

function of centrioles

A

they separate chromosomes during cell division

41
Q

the weakest bonds formed from polar molecules

A

hydrogen bonds

42
Q

carbohydrates are

A

starches and sugars

43
Q

lysosome

A

have digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria

“garbage disposals”

44
Q

nucleolus

A

site of ribosome production

black spot in nucleus

45
Q

smooth ER

A

without ribosomes

functions with lipid synthesis

46
Q

plasma membrane

A

regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

47
Q

centrioles

A

separate chromosomes during cell division

48
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell

contains enzymes for aerobic respiration (cellular respiration)

49
Q

rough ER

A

with ribosomes

functions in protein synthesis

50
Q

Golgi complex

A

flattened sacs
refines, packages, modifies, delivers proteins

“UPS”

51
Q

nucleus

A

allows the passage of certain substances

52
Q

flagella

A

found in sperm cells

extension of cells

53
Q

ribosomes

A

provide structural support for RNA molecules

54
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body in half at the waist

55
Q

axillary

A

armpit

56
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

57
Q

relationship between bladder and stomach

A

stomach is SUPERIOR to urinary bladder

58
Q

cephalic

A

head

59
Q

relationship between ears and tip of nose

A

ears are LATERAL to the nose

60
Q

circulatory system

A

the body system that distributes oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells

61
Q

parital peritoneum

A

lines the abdominal cavity

62
Q

parts of the integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, glands, senses, regulates body temp

63
Q

anatomical position

A
  1. standing erect
  2. face forward
  3. upper limbs at sides
  4. palms forward
64
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertically divides the body through the midline into right and left portions

65
Q

components of feedback systems

A
  1. control center
  2. receptor
  3. effector
66
Q

chest cavity

A

thoracic

67
Q

negative feedback system

A

when a response from the body stops or fixes an outside stimulus

68
Q

levels or organization from least complex to most complex

A
  1. micro
  2. atom
  3. molecule
  4. macromolecule
  5. organelle
  6. cell
  7. tissue
  8. organ
  9. organ system
  10. organism
  11. macro
69
Q

organ

A

a structure that has a specific structure and is composed of two or more different types of tissue

Anatomy (10 decks)

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