Anatomy - Suprarenal And Pancreas Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the location of the suprarenal glands?
a) Intra-peritoneally on the lower poles of the kidneys
b) Retro-peritoneally on the lower poles of the kidneys
c) Retro-peritoneally on the upper poles of the kidneys
d) Intra-peritoneally on the upper poles of the kidney
C) Retro-peritoneally on the upper poles of the kidneys
The suprarenal cortex is derived from which embryonic tissue?
Mesoderm Tissue
The suprarenal medulla is derived from which embryonic tissue?
Neural crest cells
What is the approximate weight of each adult suprarenal gland?
5gms
Describe the shape of the right and left suprarenal gland?
Right- Pyramidal
Left- semilunar
Which structure is related to the medial and lateral area of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland?
Inferior Vena Cava and Bare of the liver
Which structures is related to the apex and base of the right suprarenal gland?
Apex- Inferior vena cava
Base- Upper pole of the kidney
Which structure is the lower area of the anterior surface of the left suprarenal gland related to?
Pancreas
Which structures are related to the anterior and posterior surface of the left suprarenal gland?
Anterior - pancreas w/ splenic artery
Posterior - left crus of diaphragm and left kidney
State the arterial supply the suprarenal gland?
Superior, middle and inferior suprarenal artery
State the arteries that gives rise to the arterial supply of the suprarenal gland.
Superior - inferior phrenic artery
Middle - abdominal aorta
Inferior - renal artery
Which vessels does the right and left suprarenal vein drain into?
Right - IVC
Left - left renal vein
Into which group of lymph nodes do the lymphatics from the suprarenal glands drain?
Lateral aortic
The suprarenal medulla is supplied by sympathetic fibers coming from which spinal cord segments?
T8- L1
What primarily controls the activity of the suprarenal cortex?
ACTH
Which zone of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids?
Zona glomerulosa, secretes aldosterone.
Which zone of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol)?
Zona fasciculata (thickest layer of suprarenal gland)
State the significance of the zone recticularis in the suprarenal cortex.
Secretes secondary sex hormones, androgens.
What mechanism primarily regulates the activity of the zona glomerulosa?
a) Renin-angiotensin mechanism
b) ACTH
c) TSH
d) FSH
A) Renin-angiotensin mechanism
State the cells found in the medulla of the suprarenal gland and what is its function?
Chromaffin cells.
Secretions- epinephrine and norepinephrine
The pancreas lies opposite to which vertebral level?
T12- L3
State the development of the pancreas
Ventral and dorsal pancreatic duct
State the cells found within the islets of langerhans in the pancreas and their secretions.
Alpha - glucagon - 20%
Beta - insulin - 68%
Delta - somatostatin - 10%
Gamma - pancreatic polypeptide hormone - 2%
Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?
A) TSH
B) Prolactin
c) Somatostatin
d) Pancreatic polypeptide
C) Somatostatin
What does a deficiency of insulin cause?
Diabetes mellitus
State the hormone that is secreted by the Interstitial cells of Leydig?
Testosterone
What controls the levels of testosterone?
LH
Which structure is related to the lateral border of the right and left suprarenal gland?
Right- Liver
Left - Stomach
Which structure is related to the medial border of the right and left suprarenal gland?
Coeliac ganglion
What parts of the pancreas are developed from the dorsal bud?
Head, body, tail and upper head
What parts of the pancreas are developed from the ventral bud?
Lower head w/ uncinate process
What is the name of the reaction where the cytoplasm of chromaffin cell is stained brown when treated with potassium bichromate?
Chromaffin reaction
What is the name of cells of the Zona fasciculata also known as?
Spongiocytes
What results from chronic insufficiency of cortical secretion?
Addison disease
Exessive mineralocorticoid secretion results in:
Conn’s Syndrome
Symptoms: hypertension and hypokalemia
Excessive glucocorticoid secretion results in:
Cushing’s Syndrome
Truncal obesity, hypertension, and hirsutism are characteristic of this condition.
Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens from the zona reticularis results in:
Masculinization of females
Carcinoma of the pancreas is greatly seen in which part of the structure?
Head
What clinical condition can result from damage of tail of the pancreas?
Diabetes mellitus
Give the layers of the testes.
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica vasculosa
List the endocrine structures for male and female
Male- testes
Female - ovaries
