Anatomy - Female Repro System Flashcards
What is the shape of each ovary?
Almond shape
What are the average measurements of the ovary (length, antero-posterior, and transverse)?
3x2(1.5)x1 cm
What type of epithelium covers the ovary?
Germinal (cuboidal) epithelium
Where do the ovaries lie in relation to the uterus and pelvic wall?
Ovaries lie on each side of the uterus, close to lateral pelvic wall
Name the anterior and posterior boundaries of the ovarian fossa.
Anterior - external iliac vessels
Posterior - internal iliac vessels
What nerve and vessels are related to the lateral surface of the ovary?
Obtrutor nerves and vessels
What structure is in contact with the medial surface of the ovary?
Uterine tube (terminal part)
Where does the nulliparous adult ovary lie?
Ovarian fossa below pelvic brim
How many ends, borders, and surfaces does the ovary have?
2 ends- tubular and uterine
2 borders- anterior and posterior
2 surfaces - medial and lateral
What ligament connects the uterine end (lower pole) of the ovary to the lateral angle of the uterus?
Ovarian ligament
With what structure is the medial surface of the ovary related?
Uterine tube
With what structure is the lateral surface of the ovary related to?
Parietal peritoneum
To which part of the ovary is the suspensory ligament attached?
Attached to the lateral surface of the ovary
What structures does the suspensory ligament pass over?
External iliac vessels
Posas major
Ureter
To which part of the ovary does the ovarian ligament attach?
Attached the uterine pole of the ovary to the lateral angle of the uterus
What type of tissue does the ovarian ligament contain?
Smooth tissue
Of what structure is the ovarian ligament a remnant?
Gubernaculum of the ovary
What type of fold is the mesovarium, and what does it attach?
Peritoneal and it attaches the ovary to the posterior surface of the broad ligament
From which artery does the ovarian artery arise?
Ovarian artery - abdominal aorta - L1
Middle rectal, some uterine arteries
How does the ovarian artery reach the ovary?
Suspensory ligament > mesosalphanx > mesovarium
From where do the ovarian veins arise?
Ovarian veins
Where does the right and left ovarian vein end?
Right - IVC
Left - left renal vein
What type of epithelium covers the ovary?
Cuboidal epithelium
Where are the Fallopian tubes located?
On both sides of the uterus
From what embryological structure does each uterine tube develop?
Paramesophrenic (Müllerian duct)
Name the four parts of the Fallopian tube.
Intra- mural
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Where does fertilization occur in the fallopian tubes?
Ampulla
Give the following relations of the fallopian/ uterine tube:
A) Below
B) Below and in front
C) Below and behind
A) ovarian and uterine vessels
B) ligament of uterus
C) ligament of ovary
Give the arterial supply of the fallopian tubes.
Ovarian and uterine artery
State the lymphatic drainage of the uterine tubes
Pre aortic and lateral aortic lymph nodes
Give the nerve supply of the uterine tubes.
Parasympathetic- vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves
Sympathetic - T10 - T12
Describe the layers of uterine tube.
Mucosa - high folded w/ columnar cells w and w/o cilia
Muscle layer - contains smooth muscle
Serosa
What kind of epithelium lines the vagina?
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
What are the lengths of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina?
Anterior - 7.5
Posterior - 9cm
What structures is the anterior wall of the vagina related to?
Urinary bladder
What structures is the posterior wall of the vagina related to?
Recto-uterine pouch
Musculo fibrous body
To what structure is the vagina laterally related?
Levator ani and pelvic fascia
What is a hymen and name its types.
Definition: thin fold of mucous membrane
Annular
Cribrifrom
Semilunar
Fringed
Concave
What arteries supply the vagina?
Vaginal branches of internal iliac artery
Internal pudendal artery
Middle rectal
Uterine artery
What do the vaginal veins drain into?
Internal iliac vein
Glycogen is converted into lactic acid by the fermentative action of what?
Doberlein’s bacilli.
State the pH of vaginal fluid
Acidic - 3.8-4.5
Give the nerve supply of the vagina
Parasympathetic- S2 -S4
Sympathetic- L1- L2
State the lymphatics of the vagina.
External and internal iliac lymph nodes
State the function of the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) and state its location.
The secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina.
Location - located posterior to the left and right opening of vagina.
Give the function of the lesser vestibular glands (Skene glands) and state its location.
Secretes a fluid that lubricates the urethral opening.
Location: anterior wall of vagina, around the lower end of the urethra.
To which male structure is the clitoris homologous?
Penis
To which male structure is the Bartholin’s glands homologous?
Bulburetheral glands in males
What structure in the male is represented by the bulbs of the vestibule and glans clitoris in the female?
Corpus spongiosum
The body of the clitoris is formed by?
Corpus cavernosa and bulbs of vestibule.
