Anatomy- Male Repro System Flashcards
What hormone do the testes produce?
Testosterone
Name the measurements of the testes (vertical, antero-posterior, and breadth)
4-5 cm
3cm
2.5 cm
What is the average weight of the testes?
10-14 gms
Testes are oval shaped
What are the presenting parts of the testes?
2 poles - upper and lower
2 boarders - anterior and posterior
2 surfaces - medial and lateral
What is the appendix of the testis, and of what is it a remnant?
Remnant of the paramesophrenic duct (Mullerian duct)
What is the sinus of the epididymis?
Determines the sides of the testes
What are the layers that cover the testes?
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vasculosa
What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?
Parietal and visceral
Which layer of the tunica vaginalis lines the scrotal wall and which covers the testes?
Parietal layer - scrotal wall
Visceral layer - covers testes
What type of tissue comprises the tunica albuginea?
Fibrous tissue
What structures are contained within each lobule of the testis?
2-3 seminiferous tubules
State where sperm is produced.
Seminiferous tubules
From what artery does the testicular artery arise?
Abdominal aorta - L2
Give the arterial supply of the testes.
Testicular artery
Vas deferens artery
Cremasteric artery
What do the testicular veins form?
Pampiniform plexus
Plexus responsible for testicular thermoregulaion along with testicular artery
Into what does the right and left testicular vein drain?
Right - IVC
Left - Left renal vein
What veins emerge from the testis?
Testicular vein
What type of nerve fibers supply the testes?
T10 - T11
To what region is testicular pain referred?
T10
What are the parts of the epididymis?
Head Body and Tail
State the relations of the posterior boarder of the testes
Epididymis - posterio- laterally
Vas deferens - postero- medially
Give the function of the epididymis.
Temporary storage and maturation of sperm cells.
List the factors responsible for the maintaining the temperature of the scrotum.
- Countercurrent heat mechanism between the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus
- Contraction of dartos muscle
- Scrotal sweat glands are numerous
Give the lining of the following:
A) Epididymis
B) Testes
C) Seminiferous tubules
D) Vas Deferens
A) Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
B) Tunica albuginea
C) Stratified epithelium
D) Pseudo stratified epithelium
What cells are found in the seminiferous tubules?
Supporting (Sertoli) cells
Spermatogenic cells
Discuss the transformation process of spermatogonia.
By the process of spermatogenesis:
Spermatogonia > spermatids > spermatozonia.
What is the significance of Leydig cells?
Produce testosterone
What is the appendix of the epididymis, and of what is it a remnant?
Remnant of mesophrenic duct (Wolffian Duct)
Where does the vas deferens begin and terminates?
Begins - tail of epididymis
Terminates - joins the seminiferous duct to form ejaculatory duct.
What artery supplies the ductus deferens and from which artery does it arise?
Ductus deferens artery/ Vas deferens artery
Branch of inferior vesical artery
Into which lymph nodes does the vas deferens drain?
External iliac lymph nodes
From what embryological structure does the vas deferens develop?
Mesophrenic duct (Wolffian duct)
What type of tissue lines the vas deferens?
Pseudo- stratified epithelium/ ciliated columnar epithelium
List the 3 coats of the Vas Deferens
Muscous coat
Muscular coat
Adventitia
What is the significance of the Sertoli cells?
- Provides support and protection of the developing germ cells
- Also aid in nutrition and maturation of spermatozoa
Where do the right and left seminal vesicles lie?
Behind the bladder, in front of the rectum
From what embryological structure do the seminal vesicles develop?
Mesophrenic duct
What are the components of seminal fluid?
Fructose, choline, prostaglandin and vesculose
Note: Seminal fluid is alkaline
What is the correlation of the seminal vesicle with the ejaculatory duct?
The end of the seminal vesicle joins with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct
What type of epithelium lines the mucous membrane of the seminal vesicle?
Simple columnar epithelium
Give the arterial and venous supply of the seminal vesicles.
Arterial - middle rectal and inferior vesical artery
Venous - vesical Venus plexus
State the lymphatic drainage of the seminal vesicle.
External and internal iliac lymph
By the union of what two structures is the ejaculatory duct formed?
Vas deferens and seminal vesicle
Through what part of the prostate does the ejaculatory duct open into?
Prostatic urethra
From what artery does the ejaculatory duct receive its arterial supply?
Ductus deferens/ Vas deferens artery
Into what venous plexuses does the ejaculatory duct drain?
Vesicle venous plexus
Into which lymph nodes does the ejaculatory duct drain?
External iliac lymph nodes
Where is the prostate gland located?
Deep in the pelvic cavity
What hormone influences the size and activity of the prostate?
Testosterone
Into what structure is the secretion of the prostate added?
Prostatic urethra
What is the shape of the prostate?
Inverted cone
What are the dimensions of the prostate (vertical, transverse, and antero-posterior diameters)?
3x4x2 cm
What is the weight of the prostate?
8gms
To what structure is the apex and base of the prostate related?
Apex- superficial fascia of urogential diaphragm
Posterior - neck of the bladder
Regarding the prostate, To what is the anterior and posterior surface related?
Anterior - retro pubic space
Posterior - rectum of ampulla
By what are the infero-lateral surfaces of the prostate related?
Levator ani muscle
What structures are located within the prostate?
Prostatic urethra
Ejaculatory duct
Prostatic utricle - paramesophrenic duct
Name the lobes of the prostate.
Anterior
Posterior
Median
Right and left lateral
In how many zones is the glandular tissue of the prostate arranged?
3 zones
Peripheral - Endodermal
Internal/ traditional - mesoderm
Innermost/ central
List the supporting ligaments of the prostate.
Urogenital diaphragm
Pubo- prostatic ligaments
Recto- vesicle fascia
From what arteries does the prostate receive its arterial supply?
State the venous supply.
Internal pudenal
Middle rectal
Inferior vesical
Venous - prostatic venous plexus
From what embryological structure does the glandular part of the prostate develop?
Endodermal - 3rd month
From what embryological structure does the fibromuscular part of the prostate develop?
Splanchic mesoderm - 4th month
What are the features of the prostatic urethra?
Urethra crest
Colliculus seminalis
Prostatic sinus
The trigone of the bladder is in connection with which lobe of the prostate
Median
Give the location of the lobes of the prostate
Anterior - in front of the prostatic urethra
Posterior - behind the urethra and below of the ejaculatory duct
Median - behind the urethra and above the duct
Rt and Lt lateral - on the sides of the urethra
State the function of the smooth muscle of the prostate.
Compresses the follicles to facilitate drainage into the prostatic urethra
Give the nerve supply of the prostate and state its significance.
Parasympathetic- pelvic splanchic nerves - responsible of erection
Sympathetic - L1 segment - responsible for ejaculation.
What is the function of the striated muscle for the prostate?
Expand the urethra to accommodate seminal fluid before ejaculation
What are the prostatic sinuses?
Structures in which 15-20 ducts pour their secretions into to be expelled by the urethra.
What do the bulbourethral glands produce?
Pre- ejaculate
What kind of glands are the bulbourethral glands?
Exocrine of male reproductive system
What is the function of the secretion of the bulburethral glands?
Neutralizes residual activity in the urethra
