Anatomy - Retroperitoneum Flashcards
List the primary retroperitoneal structures
- Abdominal aorta
- Inferior vena cava
- Kidneys and ureters
- Adrenal glands
- Nerves (lumbar plexus and sympathetic trunk)
Describe the shape of the duodenum
- G shaped
- First part is horizontal, at L1 level
- Second part is descending, from L1 to L3
- Third part is horizontal at the level of L3
- Fourth part is at the level of L2
List the structures posterior to the first part of the duodenum
- Bile duct
- Portal vein
- Gastroduodenal artery
Which part of the duodenum has a mesentry?
The first 2cm
List the structures the second part of the duodenum has a relationship with
- Bile duct and pancreatic ducts open into the duodenum
- Root of the transverse mesocolon crosses it
List the structures anterior to the third part of the duodenum
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Superior mesenteric vein
Which part of the pancreas is NOT retroperitoneal?
The tail of the pancreas
Describe the position of the pancreas in relation to other abdominal structures
- Head, neck and uncinate process lie in G of the duodenum anterior to the IVC
- Body extends to the left across the aorta to the left kidney
- Tail passes from the kidney to the speen in dorsal foregut mesentery
What is the spleno-renal ligament?
- Also called the lieno-renal ligament
- Where the wall of the general peritoneal cavity comes into contact with the omental bursa, between the left kidney and the spleen
List the arteries supplying the kidney and adrenal glands
- Left and right renal arteries
- Adrenal gland supplied by the suprarenal arteries, which branch off the inferior phrenic artery
- There are also middle and inferior suprarenal arteries
- Extrahilar vessels
List the layers through the abdominal wall to the kidney
- Skin
- Subcutaneous fat
- Campers and scarpas fascia
- Abdominal wall muscles
- Transversalis fascia
- Paranephric fat
- Renal fascia
- Perinephric fat
- Kidney
List the visceral relations to the right kidney
- Suprarenal gland
- Liver
- Descending part of duodenum
- Right colic flexure
- Small intestine
List the visceral relations of the left kidney
- Suprarenal gland
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Keft colic flexure
- Descending colon
- Jejunum
List the three places the ureter narrows
- Uretopelvic junction
- Pelvic brim
- Entrance of urinary bladder
List the posterior relations of the kidneys
- Diaphragm
- Psoas major
- Quadratus lumborum
- Transversus abdominis muscles
- Cross subcostal, ilio-hypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves
