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Didactic Year > Anatomy-Proximal & Distal UE > Flashcards

Anatomy-Proximal & Distal UE Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior shoulder
(Physical exam landmarks to identify)

A

Clavicle
AC joint
Acromion
Greater tuberosity (tubercle)
Coracoid process
Infraclavicular subclavian cannulation

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2
Q

Infraclavicular subclavian vein cannulation

A

Palpate just inferior to clavicle at the jxn of the third and middle of the clavicle (or just medial to halfway point of clavicle)
Subclavian artery located posterior to subclavian vein

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3
Q

Posterior shoulder
- posterior/lateral border of acromion

A

Palpate laterally along spine of scapula
Posterior shoulder joint space located just inferior
Common landmark to use for shoulder injections

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4
Q

Clavicle

A

Proximal end = forms SC joint with manubrium
Distal end = forms AC joint with acromion
Superior surface = “relatively smooth”
Inferior surface = “lumps and grooves”
-proximal third
-middle third
-lateral third

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5
Q

Clavicle fracture

A

Most commonly occur in the middle third of the clavicle

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6
Q

Supraglenoid tubercle attachment

A

Attachment site for long head of biceps

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7
Q

Infraglenoid tubercle attachment

A

Attachment site for long head of triceps

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8
Q

Surgical neck of humerus

A

Common fracture site with trauma

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9
Q

Proximal humeral fracture

A

Neer classification based on anatomy, displacement, and angulation

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10
Q

Humeral shaft fracture (mid humeral fracture)

A

Compression plate
Radial nerve at risk of damage

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11
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

Scapula “articulates” with the rib cage
Not a “true” anatomical joint

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12
Q

Retraction of scapula

A

Scapula moves “toward midline”

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13
Q

Protraction

A

Scapula moves “away from midline”, fossa moves “forward”

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14
Q

Sternoclavicular joint (“SC joint”)

A

Articulation between sternal (proximal) end of clavicle and manubrium
-synovial joint with an articular disc

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15
Q

Acromioclavicular joint (“AC joint”)

A

Articulation between distal end of clavicle and acromion of scapula

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16
Q

Ligaments of the AC joint

A

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament (2 sections)

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17
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament location

A

AC joint capsule

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18
Q

Coraclavicular ligament location

A

Attached coracoid process to distal end of clavicle
-prevents clavicle from “displacing up”

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19
Q

Two sections of coraclavicular ligament location

A

Conoid ligament (C)
Medial and “looks like a cone”
Trapezoid ligament (T)
Lateral and trapezoid shape

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20
Q

Grade 1 (AC joint)

A

Partial sprain to AC ligament
Coraclavicular intact

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21
Q

Grade 2 (AC joint)

A

AC ligament ruptured
Coracoclavicular intact

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22
Q

Grade 3 (AC joint)

A

AC and Coracoclavicular ligaments ruptured

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23
Q

Osteoarthritis (DJD) of AC joint

A

Enlarged fibrotic joint capsule

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24
Q

Glenohumeral joint (GH joint)

A

Articulation between Glenoid fossa of scapula/glenoid labrum and Head of humerus

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25
Q

Glenohumeral joint (GH joint)
•Glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous ring like structure that attaches around the rim of the Glenoid fossa
-helps form the “socket” for GH joint
Long head of the biceps tendon attaches to the superior rim of the Glenoid labrum

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26
Q

SLAP lesion

A

Glenoid labrum tear along attachment site of biceps tendon
SLAP= Superior Labrum on Anterior and Posterior surfaces of labrum

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27
Q

anterior extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Pec major
Pec minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior

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28
Q

Posterior extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Trapezius
Lattisimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator scapula

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29
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Originate from the scapula/and or clavicle and attach to the humerus

Deltoid, teres minor
Rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus,teres minor, sub scapularis

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30
Q

One of the attachments for pec major

A

Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

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31
Q

Innervation of pec major

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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32
Q

Actions of Pec major

A

Extend, adduct, and medially rotate humerus
“Hand cuff position”

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33
Q

Pec minor attachments

A

Coracoid process of scapula
Ribs 3-5

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34
Q

Pec minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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35
Q

Actions of pec minor

A

Protract and depress the scapula
•the pec minor and Serratus anterior “stabilize” the scapula against the rib cage

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36
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

A

Shortened or tight pec minor from poor postures can be a cause of TOS
Brachial plexus and Axillary artery become compressed

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37
Q

Serratus anterior attachments

A

Medial scapula
Ribs 1-9

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38
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

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39
Q

Serratus anterior actions

A

Protract scapula
Upward rotation of scapula

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40
Q

Long thoracic nerve palsy

A

Paralysis/weakness of Serratus anterior
Causes “winging of scapula” and the inability to reach above shoulder height

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41
Q

Traps attachments

A

Occiput, Nuchal ligament, and spinous process of C7-T12
Spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle

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42
Q

Lattisimus dorsi attachments

A

SPs of lower T spine, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest…

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43
Q

Innervation of Lattisimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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44
Q

Hand cuff position

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pec major

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45
Q

Action of rhomboids

A

Retract the scapula

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46
Q

Innervation of rhomboids

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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47
Q

Rhomboids of attachments

A

Medial border of scapula
Nuchal ligament: SP of C7-T5

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48
Q

Levator scapula attachments

A

Medial border of scapula
TPs of C1-C4

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49
Q

Levator scapula innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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50
Q

Levator scapula actions

A

Elevate scapula
Neck movement
•lateral flex and rotate to the same side

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51
Q

“Rotator cuff” muscles

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, sub scapularis

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52
Q

Deltoid innervation

A

Axillary nerve

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53
Q

Deltoid action

A

Abduct humerus

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54
Q

Teres major attachments

A

Inferior angle of scapula
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

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55
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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56
Q

Pec major, Lats, and teres major all

A

“Extend, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus”

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57
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

Shoulder abduction
stabilize humerus in Glenoid fossa

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58
Q

Supraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

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59
Q

Infraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

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60
Q

Infraspinatus actions

A

Lateral (external) rotation of humerus
Stabilize humerus in Glenoid fossa

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61
Q

Teres minor attachments

A

Lateral border of scapula
Greater tuberosity of humerus

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62
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

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63
Q

Subscap innervation by

A

Upper subscapular nerve and lower

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64
Q

Subscapularis attachments

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula
Lesser tuberosity of humerus

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65
Q

Subscapularis action

A

Medial rotation of humerus
Stabilize humerus in Glenoid fossa

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66
Q

Most common rotator cuff tear

A

Supraspinatus tendon

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67
Q

All anterior compartment muscles of arm are innervated by

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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68
Q

Biceps brachii short head attachment

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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69
Q

Biceps brachii long head attachment

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

70
Q

Biceps brachii distal attachment

A

Radius

71
Q

Biceps brachii landmarks

A

Bicipital aponeurosis and transverse humoral ligament

72
Q

Biceps brachii actions

A

Flex elbow
Supinate forearm

73
Q

Biceps proximal rupture

A

Long head tendon ruptures and long head forms a “lump” in the arm

74
Q

Coracobrachialis actions

A

Flex and adduct shoulder

75
Q

Actions of brachialis

A

Flex elbow with forearm in any position (supinate vs pronate)

76
Q

Triceps long head attachment

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

77
Q

Triceps innervation

A

Radial nerve

78
Q

Brachial plexus

A

The brachial plexus descends to upper extremity between clavicle and first rib
The brachial plexus “surrounds” the Axillary artery as both structures descend deep to the pec minor and continue down to the arm

79
Q

What spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

80
Q

Ulnar nerve descends ___________ to elbow joint

A

Posterior

81
Q

Once the subclavian artery descends over the first rib it is “renamed” the __________

A

Axillary artery

82
Q

What 3 muscles are responsible for upward rotation of the scapula?

A
  1. Serratus anterior
  2. Upper trapezius
  3. Lower trapezius
83
Q

Bicipital tendonitis

A

Inflammation of long head of tendon beneath transverse humeral ligament

84
Q

Common site for ABG

A

Radial artery

85
Q

Proximal ulna landmarks

A

Olecrenon
Trochlear notch

86
Q

Distal ulna landmarks

A

Head of ulna
Styloid process of ulna

87
Q

Proximal radius landmarks

A

Head
Neck

88
Q

Distal radius landmarks

A

Styloid process of radius

89
Q

Proximal row carpal bones (4)

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform

90
Q

Distal row carpal bones (4)

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

91
Q

How many phalanges on digits 2-5

A

3

92
Q

Humero-ulnar articulation

A

Trochlea of humerus
Trochlear notch of ulna

93
Q

Humero-radial articulation

A

Capitulum of humerus
Head of radius

94
Q

Annular ligament

A

Binds the head of the radius to the ulna

95
Q

What ligament is corrected by Tommy John surgery?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

96
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Ulnar nerve gets entrapped as it passes posterior to elbow and enters the forearm in cubital tunnel

97
Q

Radial head dislocation

A

Radial head gets pulled out annular ligament socket

98
Q

Common cause of radial head dislocation

A

Parent swinging child, pulling arm

99
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

Chronic pressure on elbow creates inflammation/swelling of olecranon bursa

100
Q

Muscles of supination

A

Supinator muscle
Biceps brachii

101
Q

Muscles of pronation

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

102
Q

Tough connective tissue that serves as floor of the forearm

A

Interosseous membrane

103
Q

PRUj
(Proximal radioulnar joint)

A

Head of radius articulates with ulna
Radius rotates within annular ligament

104
Q

DRUJ
(Distal radioulnar joint)

A

Head of ulna articulates with radius
TFCC “unites” distal radius and head of ulna

105
Q

TFCC
(Triangular fibrocartilage complex)

A

Attachments on styloid process of ulna and distal radius
provides stability and mobility

106
Q

How does a TFCC tear often happen

A

Fall on outstretched hand

107
Q

Wrist movements

A

Flexion
Extension
Ulnar deviation
Radial deviation

108
Q

Radiocarpal ligaments of the wrist

A

Dorsal radiocarpal
Palmar radiocarpal

109
Q

Superficial forearm muscles

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

110
Q

Intermediate forearm muscles

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

111
Q

Deep forearm muscles

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus

112
Q

Pronator teres innervation

A

Median nerve

113
Q

Pronator teres action

A

Pronate forearm

114
Q

Attachments on the medial epicondyle and mid radius

A

Pronator teres

115
Q

Flexor carpi radialis innervation

A

Median nerve

116
Q

Flexor carpi radialis action

A

Flex and radial deviate wrist

117
Q

Attachments on medial epicondyle and 2nd metacarpal

A

Flexor carpi radialis

118
Q

Palmaris longus innervation

A

Median nerve

119
Q

Palmaris longus action

A

Flex wrist/hand

120
Q

Attachment on medial epicondyle and then distal attachment blends with palmar carpal ligament and palmar aponeurosis

A

Palmaris longus

121
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

122
Q

Attachments on medial epicondyle and 5th metacarpal

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

123
Q

Flexor digitorium superficialis innervation

A

Median nerve

124
Q

Flexor digitorium superficialis action

A

Flex PIP joints of fingers

125
Q

Proximal attachment on medial epicondyle
Distal attachment on middle phalanges

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

126
Q

Flexor digitorum profunda innervation (2)

A

Lateral 1/2 supplied by AIN
Medial 1/2 supplied by ulnar nerve

127
Q

Flexor digitorum profunda action

A

Flex DIP joints of fingers

128
Q

Attachments on ulna/interosseous membrane and distal phalanges

A

Flexor digitorum phalanges

129
Q

Flexor policis longus innervation

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

130
Q

Flexor policis longus action

A

Flex IP joint of thumb

131
Q

Pronator quadratus innervation

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

132
Q

Attachments on distal radius and ulna

A

Pronator quadratus

133
Q

Name the wrist flexors

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

134
Q

Name the long finger flexors

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profunda, flexor policis longus

135
Q

Supplies all the superficial and intermediate muscles except the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Median nerve

136
Q

“Continuation” of the extensor retinaculum

A

Palmar carpal ligament

137
Q

Posterior superficial forearm muscles

A

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

138
Q

Posterior deep forearm muscles

A

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

139
Q

Brachioradialis innervation

A

Radial nerve

140
Q

Brachioradialis action

A

Elbow flexion

141
Q

Attachments on supracondylar ridge and distal radius

A

Brachioradialis

142
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation

A

radial nerve

143
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus action

A

Extend and radial deviate wrist

144
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

145
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis action

A

Extend and radial deviate the wrist

146
Q

Attachments on the lateral epicondyle and 3rd metacarpal

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

147
Q

Extensor digitorum innervation

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

148
Q

Attachments on the lat epicondyle and digits 2-4

A

Extensor digitorum

149
Q

Extensor digitorum minimi innervation

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

150
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

151
Q

Attachments on lat epicondyle and 5th metacarpal

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

152
Q

Supinator innervation

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

153
Q

Extensor indices innervation

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

154
Q

Distal attachment distal phalange of thumb

A

Extensor pollicis longus

155
Q

Distal attachment proximal phalange of thumb

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

156
Q

Supplies all posterior forearm distal to the Supinator

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

157
Q

Name the finger extensors

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor digitorum minimi
Extensor indices

158
Q

Thenar muscles innervation

A

Median nerve

159
Q

Hypothenar muscles innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

160
Q

Adductor pollicis innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

161
Q

1st and 2nd lumbricals innervation

A

Median nerve

162
Q

3rd and 4th lumbricals innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

163
Q

Palmar interossei innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

164
Q

Dorsal interossei innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

165
Q

All intrinsic muscles of the hand are EXCEPT the thenar and 1st two lumbricals are innervated by

A

Ulnar nerve

166
Q

Deep artery of the arm becomes

A

radial collateral artery

167
Q

Cubital tunnel content

A

Median nerve
Brachial artery as it divides into radial and ulna artery

168
Q

Content of anatomical snuff box

A

Radial artery
Superficial branch of radial nerve

169
Q

Why does carpal tunnel syndrome only cause parenthesia and weakness on radial side of hand?

A

Ulnar side of hand isn’t innervated by the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel

170
Q

Guyon’s canal syndrome

A

Ulnar nerve compression at the wrist

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