Anatomy: Practical 2 - Thorax and the Lungs (Part 2) Flashcards
what is the
1. yellow?
- green and blue?
yellow: vomer
blue and green: nasal conchae
what is the light blue?
what is the yellow?
what is the dark blue?
light blue: nasal septum
yellow: left lacrimal bone
dark blue: ethmoid bone
what are the pink and yellow bones?
pink: palatine
yellow: vomer
the superior and middle conchae are part of which bone?
what about the inferior concahe?
super and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone
inferior concahe is a seperate bone
which strucutres contribute to the nasal septum? (3)
- septal cartilage
- ethmoid
- vomer
what are the meatuses?
why does your nose run when you cry?
meatuses: the spaces beneath the conchae are referred to as the superior, middle and inferior meatuses (singular: meatus).
The nasolacrimal (tear) duct drains into the inferior meatus (which is why your nose runs when you cry).
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses ?
what are they ^ lined with ?
sinuses:
- *- frontal
- sphenoid
- maxilla
- ethmoid**
all lined with mucous epithelium (which drain into the nasal cavity)
what does the eustachian tube connect?
what is the function of the eutachian tube?
eustachian tube: connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx
function:
i) allows equalisation of air pressure (ears popping)
ii) provides a path for infection to spread between ear and throat
What is the crista galli?
The crista galli is a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa. It separates the olfactory bulbs, which lie either side of it in the olfactory fossae of the cribriform plate.
part of the ethmoid bone
what is the function of nasal conchae? (2)
i) increase the surface area of these cavities,
ii) rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs.
the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct) runs into what?
nasolacrimal duct runs into inferior meatus = nose runs when you cry
what does the nasal cavity lead into anteriorly and posteriorly ?
nasal cavity:
anteriorly - vestibules (nostrils)
posteriorly - nasopharynx
what are the three parts of the pharnyx?
nasopharynx: upper part of the pharynx
oropharynx: middle part
hypopharynx: lower part
what are three functions of the paranasal sinuses?
paranasal sinuses: hollow bones which surround the nasal cavity
functions:
i) lighten the weight of the skull
ii) support immune defence of nasal cavity (lined with mucous epithelium)
iii) humidying inspired air
where do the sinuses drain?
how are the ears connected to the pharnyx?
they drain into the nasal cavity
ears connect tothe pharnx via the eustachian tube
what are the two fiunctions of the larnyx?
i) protecting the lower respiratory tract
ii) to produce phonation.
what do the vocal cords attach to i) anteriorly ii) posteriorly?
i) anteriorly: thyroid catilage
ii) posteriorly: artyenoids
what happens to the epiglottis when swallowing?
epiglottis deflects downwards and covers the laryngeal inlet.
Below the thyroid cartilage lies the x cartilage?
The x cartilage is shaped like a signet ring, with a Y anterior arch and a Z posterior lamina
The x forms .. … with the thyroid cartilage.
Below the thyroid cartilage lies the cricoid cartilage
The cricoid cartilage is shaped like a signet ring, with a narrow anterior arch and a wide posterior lamina
The cricoid forms synovial joints with the thyroid cartilage.
1 = hyoid bone
2 = epiglottis
3 = thyroid cartilage
4 = arytenoid cartilage
5 = cricoid cartilage
1 = hyoid bone
2 = epiglottis
3 = thryoid cartilage
4 = cricoid cartilage
what is the skeleton of the larynx held together by?
Between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages in the midline lies the x membrane.
Between the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages lies the …. …. Above the …. ….. is the …. … (sometimes called the false vocal cord).
The ….. membrane fills the space between the hyoid bone and the top of the thyroid cartilage.
Between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages in the midline lies the cricothyroid membrane.
Between the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages lies the vocal fold. Above the vocal fold is the vestibular fold (sometimes called the false vocal cord).
The thyrohyoid membrane fills the space between the hyoid bone and the top of the thyroid cartilage.
what is the role of the intrinsic vocal cords? (4)
i) alter the position and tension of the vocal cords.
ii) This allows them to close tightly to act as a protective sphincter, assist coughing, open widely during deep inspiration and to modify sound.
be aware of these pls x!!
Cricothyroid, between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages antero-laterally (the only intrinsic muscle visible on the anterior surface of the larynx).
Posterior crico-arytenoids, between the lamina of the cricoid and the arytenoid cartilages which is the only muscle that actively opens the vocal cords.
Vocalis, lies in the free edge of the vocal fold
which is the only muscle that can actively opens the vocal cords?
Posterior crico-arytenoids: between the lamina of the cricoid and the arytenoid cartilages
what is this muscle?
what is its function?
vocalis: reduces tension on the vocal cords, reducing pitch of voice
what is this muscle and its function?
cricothyroid: increases tension on the vocal cords, increasing pitch of voice
what is the venous drainage and arterial flow like for layrnx?
what is the innervation like for larynx? (3)
- arteries: laryngeal branches –> superior and inferior thyroid arteries
- venous drainage: thyroid veins –> internal jugular vein
- **innervation:
i) ** right superior laryngeal nerves
ii) left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves, branches of the vagus nerve (CN X).
which muscles do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate - what does this cause to occur?
what does the superior laryngeal nerve subdivide into? and what is their role?
recurrent laryngeal nerves: provide motor to all intrinsic muscles = phonation
superior laryngeal nerve –> internal laryngeal nerve (sensory): (VERY important sensitive nerve - afferent branch of choking reflex)
–> external laryngeal nerve (motor) motor to cricothyroid – provides tone to voice
label 1-5
1 = Left vagus nerve
2 = left superior laryngeal nerve
3 = left vagus nerve
4 = left external laryngeal nerve
5 = left internal laryngeal nerve
